I-Butene

For general reactions see olefins. The butylenes are used to prepare 2-butanol. I-Butene and isobutene are formed into widely used polymers. 

To conclude this computer project, we shall lirst search the potential surface for rotation of u-butane about its 23 C C bond, for which we think we know the answei, then seai ch the potential sutface foi I-butene, foi which we do not. In I -butene, the double bond establishes a rigid plane but the methyl group can take up several d i ffe ren t positions re I at i ve to i t by rotation ab ou t th e 2 - 3 s i n g I e bo n d,... 

Oxydehydrogenation of /i-Butenes. Normal butenes can be oxidatively dehydrogenated to butadiene in the presence of high concentration of steam with fairly high selectivity (234). The conversion is no longer limited by thermodynamics because of the oxidation of hydrogen to water. Reaction temperature is below about 600°C to minimise over oxidation. Pressure is about 34—103 kPa (5—15 psi). 

Base (potassium salt) pK % I-Butene from 2-iodobutane % I-Butene from 2-butyl tosylate ... 

When high purity isobutylene is not required, the acid extract from the rich stage may be heated for a few minutes to 250-300°F, and then quickly cooled. Under these conditions the isobutylene dimerizes to form largely 2,4,4, trimethyl pentene-1. This is known as the dimer process and may be used to concentrate i-butenes for dehydrogenation feed, the isobutylene dimer being added to the motor gasoline pool. Trimers, as well as codimers with normal butenes are also produced. 

I D. Rubin, Poly (I-Butene) Its Preparation and Properties, Gordon and Breach, New York (1968). 

Further evidence against the formation of a free carbonium ion in the alkylation reaction is obtained from the fact that in the presence of boron trifluoride-phosphoric acid catalyst, but-l-ene, but-2-ene, and i-butene react at different rates with alkylbenzenes, yet they would each give the same carbonium ion. In addition, only the latter alkene gave the usual activation order (in this case the hyper-... 

The catalytic degradation of polypropylene was carried out over ferrierite catalyst using a thermogravimetric analyzer as well as a fixed bed batch reactor. The activation of reaction was lowered by adding ferrierite catalyst, which was similar with that from ZSM-5. Ferrierite produced less gaseous products than HZSM-5, where the yields of i-butene and olefin over ferrierite were higher than that over HZSM-5. In the case of liquid product, main product over ferrierite is C5 hydrocarbon, while products were distributed over mainly C7-C9 over HZSM-5. Ferrierite showed excellent catalytic stability for polypropylene degradation. 

Catalyst Product distrihution (mol %) Methane Ethene Ethane Propene Propane Butene Butane i-Butene... 

Diphenyl-i-butene-i,4-dione, 29 Diphenylhydrazine, 15 Diphenylhydrazine hydrochloride, 15 Diphenylketene, 47 i,3-Diphenyl-i,3-propanedione, 32 Dodecanol, 50... 

The addition of deuterium to 1,3-butadiene yields mainly 1-butene and isotopic distribution in these products is nearly identical and 70% of the initial product corresponds to simple 1,2 or 1,4 addition. Meyer and Burwell suggest that 1,3-butadiene is adsorbed on the surface in the trans conformation. Addition of deuterium to a terminal earbon atom produces an allylic species which is a common intermediate for the formation of both major products, I-butene and trans-2-butene. 

I- butene by high-resolution field desorption mass spectrometry. I. Phys. Chem. 79 51-57, 1975. 

Aumann, Rudolf, (l-Alkynyl)carbene Complexes (= l-Metalla-I-buten-3-ynes) ... 

On treatment of phosphine with I-butene, cyclohexene, allyl alcohol, allylamine or allyl chloride, the corresponding primary, secondary and tertiary organophosphines are obtained in yields ranging from 2 to 67%. The reaction between phosphine and 1-butene is, among others, used for the industrial preparation of tributylphosphine. ... 

Esters and acids from simple carbonylation reactions Alcohols, ethers and esters with higher homologous alkyl groups. Hydrocarbons from hydrogenolysis of the alcohol and its homologs. Ethers from dehydration of the substrate. Esters of the reagent alcohol. s)oiefins from dehydration of the alcohols. Isomeric alcohols. Isomer products (linear/branched 50/50 - 60/40). Only 2-methyl butanol Dimers and trimers of i-butene. 

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