Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axi

C. Dello Russo, G. Tringali, E. Ragazzoni, N. Maggiano, E. Menini, M. Vairano, P. Preziosi, and P. Navarra, Evidence that hydrogen sulphide can modulate hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function in vitro and in vivo studies in the rat. J. Neuroendocrinal. 12, 225—233 (2000). 

Rivier C., The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, in Psychoneuroimmunology, 3rd edition, Ader, R., Felten, D.L., Cohen, N., Eds., Acad. Press, San Diego, 2001, chap. 24, 633. 

Koehl, M. et al., Prenatal stress alters circadian activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal corticosteroid receptors in adult rats of both genders, J. Neurobiol., 40, 302, 1999. 

Of the various peptides (e.g. the opioids, vasopressin, substance P and somatostatin) thought to be involved in the actions of carbamazepine, there is evidence that the reduction in the CSF concentration of somatostatin might be important in explaining its effects on cognition and also on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis somatostatin is a major inhibitory modulator of this axis and h)rpercortisolism frequently occurs in patients following carbamazepine administration. 

Jessop DS (1999) Central non-glucocorticoid inhibitors of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Endocrinol 160 169-180... 

Sanchez, M.M., Aguado, R, Sanchez-Toscano, F., and Saphier, D. (1998) Neuroendocrine and immunocytochemical demonstrations of decreased hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to restraint stress after long-term social isolation. Endocrinology 139 579-587. 

Swanson LW, McKellar S (1979) Distribution of oxytocin-stained and neurophysin-sttiined fibers in the spinal-cord of the rat and monkey. J Comp Neurol 188 87-106 Sweeney MI, White TD, Sawynok J (1987) Involvement of adenosine in the spintd tmtinociceptive effects of morphine and noradrenaline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 243 657-665 Szabo B (2008) Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. Biotrend Rev 2 1—13 Szabo C (2007) Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6 917-935 Szeto HH (2003) Dynorphin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during fetal development. Life Sci 73 749-758... 

Tanriverdi F, Karaca Z, Unluhiarci K, Kelestimur F. The hypothalamo pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. Stress 2007 10(1) 13-25. 

Weidenfeld J, Feldman S, Mechoulam R (1994) Effect of the brain constituent anandamide, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat Neuroendocrinology 59 110-112... 

Jimenez, M.A., Saez, J.M., Cereghini, S. and Zakin, M.M. (2000) Nuclear receptors Norl and NGFI-B/Nur77 play similar, albeit distinct, roles in the hypothalamo-pituitary - adrenal axis. Endocrinology, 141, 2392-2400. 

Barna, I., Zelena, D., Arszovszki, A.C., and Ledent, C. (2004) The role of endogenous cannabinoids in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation in vivo and in vitro studies in CBj receptor knockout mice. Life Sci 75 2959-2970. 

The mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei contain an endogenous pacemaker that generates daily rhythms in behaviour and secretion of hormones. They stimulate evening ACTH secretion in the rat (Cascio etal. 1987). Kalsbeek etal. (1996) used microdialysis-mediated intracerebral administration of the vasopressin V,-receptor antagonist to study the mechanisms underlying the circadian control of basic corticosterone release in the rat. By timed administration of the vasopressin antagonist divided equally over the day/night cycle, they were able to uncover the existence of an additional stimulatory input from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. 

Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, Natale M, Kemali D. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992 42 385-388. 

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