Hyperthermia applicators

Aug, K., Venkatraman, S. Ramanujan, R.V. 2007, Magnetic PNIPA hydrogels for hyperthermia applications in cancer therapy . Materials Science Engineering C, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 347-351. 

V. Zamora-Mora, M. Femandez-Gutierrez, J.S. Roman, G. Goya, R. Hernandez, C. Mijangos, Magnetic core-sheU chitosan nanoparticles rheological characterization and hyperthermia application. Carbohydrate Polymers 102 (2014) 691—698. 

Hyperthermia Application of high enough thermal energy (heat) to suppress the cancerous ceU activities. Above 41.5°C (but below 60°C) is needed to have any effect. 

Lao, L., Ramanujan, R., 2004. Magnetic and hydrogel composite materials for hyperthermia applications. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 15, 1061—1064. 

Shinkai M, Suzuki M, Iijima S, et al. Antibody-conjugated magnetoliposomes for targeting cancer cells and their application in hyperthermia. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1994 21 125-137. 

Hyperthermia is an important therapeutic tool in the treatment of tumors. Its application does however require a tight control of the temperature, hence the need for contrast agents that would allow its constant monitoring during the entire therapy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has already been proposed for measuring the temperature of a sample. Indeed, Aime et al. [101] measured the temperature dependence of the chemical shift of a methyl group of an Yb(III)... 

Heat inducible gene expression systems can be activated by a variety of technologies, all via the production of hyperthermia. Technologies used in clinical applications of hyperthermia include simple approaches, such as water baths, or more sophisticated methods, such as microwave or radiofrequency radiations and ultrasound (Gemer and Cetas, 1993). The magnitude of heat shock promoter activity induction is dependent on both the time of exposure to hyperthermia and the hyperthermic temperature (Gemer et al., 2000). HSP promoter activity is activated by temperature in a species-specific manner. In flies, HSP promoter activity is activated by temperatures over 30 °C (Lindquist, 1986). In human cells, temperatures of 40 °C and above are required to activate HSP promoters (Gemer et al., 2000). 

A special application of dantrolene is in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, a rare heritable... 

Carrey J, Mehdaoui B, Respaud M. Simple models for dynamic hysteresis loop calculations of magnetic single-domain nanoparticles application to magnetic hyperthermia optimization. Journal of Applied Physics. 2011 109 083921(1)—083921 (17). DOI 10.1063/1.3551582. 

In the first application, acoustic intensities of thousands of W/cm2 and tempera-tures in excess of 98°C are often used to coagulate cancerous tissues. This form of hyperthermia is often referred to as thermal therapy because of its extreme temperature and energy.43 Alternatively, lower ultrasound intensities (0.2 to several W/cm2) produce a mild increase in temperature (41 to 45°C), and enhance the cytotoxicity of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The enhancing effect of ultrasound on radiation therapy has been linked to the radiosensitization effect of hyperthermia, which increases radiation damage and prevents subsequent repair.28 However, the precise mechanism for ultrasound-enhanced chemotoxicity is still the subject of debate. 

It is a safe drug and is tolerated well even by young puppies and pregnant bitches. However, repeated application of the drug may give rise to acidosis, circulatory collapse and hyperthermia [33]. 

Finally, we mention several current applications somewhat outside of biochemistry in the usual sense. Thermography has slowly been coming to the fore. Many of the problems associated with the analysis of thermograms were treated at the Fifth International Symposium on Temperature (Plumb, 1972) in 1972 and new applications were discussed at the Sixth Symposium (Schooley, 1982) in 1982. Of perhaps more current interest is the greatly expanded interest in temperature measurement in hyperthermia and hypothermia. A recent New York Academy of Sciences conference has done an excellent job of reviewing this (Ann. N.Y. Acad., 1980). Cetas also wrote a general review of thermometry in this field (Cetas, 1968). Perhaps the most exciting new method in thermometry is that of optical fluorescence, which we described earlier. Catheters, whole-body scanners, etc., have been made for use with this method. At this point, 0.01°C is probably the least imprecision that can be obtained with the commercial instrument (Luxtron), with data obtained every 0.1 sec. Improvements are likely, however, as needs are made known to the company. 

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