Hypertension, angiotensin

Diovan Valsartan Novartis hypertension angiotensin antagonist 736 (63%)... 

Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidases remove the C-terminal dipeptide intact and therefore are analogous to the dipeptidyl aminopeptidases such as cathepsin C. One such enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme, is important biologically for converting angiotensin I into the hypertensive angiotensin II (see Section 9.3). This enzyme does not hydrolyse bonds of the type X—Pro but will hydrolyse Pro—X bonds. The use of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidases for sequence determination would probably increase if pure enzymes were readily available commercially. 

Carboxypeptidase A Bovine, bacteria bacterial infection Hypertension Angiotensin 284-287... 

Renal action. Angiotensin acts on renal function modifying pressure in renal artery and tubular reabsorption of sodium (26,41). Effect on diuresis is variable in different animals. In the rabbit or rat, diuresis and increased excretion of electrolytes are the rule (34, 35). In normal man, intravenous infusion produces an antidiuresis and a reduction in excretion of electrolytes (6, 9). On the contrary, in man with hypertension, angiotensin causes diuresis with natriuresis (8), This difference suggests that in normal man, angiotensin exerts a powerful effect on renal vessels so that the direct tubular action would be masked. 

A patent (95JAP07196655) deseribed the preparation of a 2//-indazole derivative of speeifie formula 109 useful as a therapeutie agent for a eireulatory disease sueh as hypertension, having angiotensin II antagonism and antihypertensive aetion. In formula 109 r = lower alkyl or alkenyl R, R = H, halogen, lower... 

Thiazide diuretics have a venerable history as antihypertensive agents until the advent of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors this class of drugs completely dominated first line therapy for hypertension. The size of thi.s market led until surprisingly recently to the syntheses of new sulfonamides related to the thiazides. Preparation of one of the last of these compounds starts by exhaustive reduction of the Diels-Alder adduct from cyclopentadiene and malei-mide (207). Nitrosation of the product (208), followed by reduction of the nitroso group of 209,... 

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a central role in cardiovascular hemostasis. Its major function is the generation of angiotensin (ANG) II from ANGI and the degradation of bradykinin. Both peptides have profound impact on the cardiovascular system and beyond. ACE inhibitors are used to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients, to improve cardiac function, and to reduce work load of the heart in patients with cardiac failure. 

In some patients with hypertension and in all patients with cardiac failure, the renin-angiotensin system is activated to an undesired degree, burdening the heart. The consequences of diminished ANG II generation by ACE inhibitors are multiple. In patients with hypertension, blood pressure is reduced as a result... 

Bader M, Paul M, Fernandesz-Alfonso M et al (1994) Molecular biology and biochemistry of the renin-angiotensin system, Chap. 11. In Swales ID (ed) Textbook of hypertension. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, pp 214-232... 

Bader M, Peters J, Baltatu O et al (2001)Tissue renin-angiotensin systems new insights from experimental animal models in hypertension research. J Mol Med 79 76-102... 

Brunner HR, Gavras H (2000) Angiotensin blockade for hypertension a promise fulfilled. Commentary. Lancet 359 990-992... 

Hyperaldosteronism is a syndrome caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone. It is characterized by renal loss of potassium. Sodium reabsorption in the kidney is increased and accompanied by an increase in extracellular fluid. Clinically, an increased blood pressure (hypertension) is observed. Primary hyperaldosteronism is caused by aldosterone-producing, benign adrenal tumors (Conn s syndrome). Secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Various dtugs, in particular diuretics, cause or exaggerate secondary peadosteronism. 

MA M2 M02.001 Angiotensin-converting enzyme peptidase unit 1 Drug target for the control of hypertension... 

Kuznetsova T, Staessen JA, Thijs L et al (2004) European Project On Genes in Hypertension (EPOGH) Investigators. Left ventricular mass in relation to genetic variation in angiotensin II receptors, renin system genes, and sodium excretion. Circulation 110 2644-2650... 

In the interstitium, angiotensin II induces proliferation of mesangial cells and fibroblasts and the synthesis of collagen and other matrix molecules by these cells via the ATI receptor. Moreover, by the concomitant stimulation of chemoattractant cytokines, inflammation is induced. These processes are mediated by endothelin, transforming growth factor(3, and reactive oxygen species, and finally lead to interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis observed in hypertension and diabetes. 

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