Hyperlipidemia Dyslipidemia

Hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia PO 5 to 40 mg/day. Usual starting dosage is 10 mg/day, with adjustments based on lipid levels monitor q2-4wk until desired level is achieved. Maximum 40 mg/day. 

Primary or genetic lipoprotein disorders are classified into six categories for the phenotypic description of dyslipidemia. The types and corresponding lipoprotein elevations include the following I (chylomicrons), Ha (LDL), lib (LDL + very low density lipoprotein, or VLDL), III (intermediate-density lipoprotein), IV (VLDL), and V (VLDL + chylomicrons). Secondary forms of hyperlipidemia also exist, and several drug classes may elevate lipid levels... 

The principal use of niacin is for mixed hyperlipidemia or as a second-line agent in combination therapy for hypercholesterolemia. It is a first-line agent or alternative for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic dyslipidemia. 

V6. Vega, G. L., Toto, R. D., and Grundy, S. M., Metabolism of low density lipoproteins in nephrotic dyslipidemia Comparison of hypercholesterolemia alone and combined hyperlipidemia. Kidney Int. 47,579-586 (1995). 

Hereditary dyslipidemias such as familial hypercholesterolemia, type II and type IV hyperlipidemia and Tangiers disease predispose to premature large vessel atherosclerosis and hence stroke (Meschia 2003 Hutter et al. 2004). 

Patients with CKD are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of the etiology of their kidney disease. While a clearly unique pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease specific to CKD has not been identified, it is known that manifestations of kidney disease are contributory. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this population include hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities, as well as hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated homocysteine levels, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition, and oxidative stress. Hypertension induced by volume expansion and increased systemic vascular resistance increases myocardial work and contributes to development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Hyperlipidemia may enhance atherogenesis, while some uremic toxins can decrease myocardial contractflity. In addition, uremic toxins can induce pericarditis, a potentially fatal complication. Currently, measures to screen this high-risk population for cardiovascular risk factors are not routine. ... 

Niacin, a B-complex vitamin, is used in the treatment of pellagra, peripheral vascular disease, and circulatory disorders, and as an adjunctive treatment of hyperlipidemias, especially those associated with hypercholesterolemia. Niacin, nicotinic acid (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), is one of the oldest drugs used to treat dyslipidemia and favorably affects virtually all lipid parameters. 

Interest in GA arose following findings that have implicated the role of increased activation of GC receptors in the development of MetS symptoms such as central obesity and hyperlipidemia. Overexpression of llp-HSD type 1 (llp-HSDl) in white adipose tissue of mice, for example, resulted in increased intracellular GC level, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia [47]. 

DysUpidemia is a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood either by increase or decrease. Most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The increased type of dyslipidemia could be differentiated as ... 

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