Hyper/hypotension

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors have a low therapeutic index. Adverse effects include orthostatic hypotension, impotence and insomnia. Overdoses become manifest by symptoms of agitation, hyper-reflexia followed by convulsions. Rare but serious cases of hepatotoxicity have been associated with the use of isocarboxazid and of phenelzine. 

Cardiac failure may also affect metabolism by altering hepatic blood flow. However, even after heart attack without hypotension or cardiac failure, metabolism may be affected. For example, the plasma clearance of lidocaine is reduced in this situation. Other diseases such as those, which affect hormone levels hyper-or hypothyroidism, lack of or excess growth hormone, and diabetes can alter the metabolism of foreign compounds. 

The solution with the higher concentration of solute is said to be hypertonic , while the solution with the lower concentration is hypotonic . You have probably come across these terms, hyper- and hypo-, in other areas, such as the slang term for being over-excitable - a person is described as being hyper They actually originate from old Greek words now used in medical terms hyper- means excessive and hypo- means under. So hypertension is high blood pressure and hypotension is low... 

Osmotic nephrosis When the proximal tubules are exposed to hyper osmotic, non-reabsorbable solutes such as mannitol, osmotic nephrosis can lead to AKI. [69]. More recently the use of hy-droxyethylstarch for resuscitation of hypotensive patients has been associated with increased incidence of AKI [70] The addition of sugar excipients to Intravenous immunoglobulin s, while reducing the constitutional symptoms associated with their administration have increased in the risk of acute kidney injury [71]. 

Cardiovascular pressures Hyper- or hypotension in vascular system... 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS eye irritation insomnia weakness anxiety tremor hypotension hypothermia pallor nausea weight loss disorientation hallucinations psychosis mania convulsions hyper-reflexia spasticity bradycardia increased urinary output of lead coma death. 

The drug at therapeutic dose levels, causes vasodepression which is primarily the outcome of arteriolar dilatation, in order that the ensuing orthostatic hypotension is normally minimal. However, certain extent of venous dilatation invariably occurs, which occasionaly is responsible to afford orthostatic hypotension. It has been duly observed that the smooth muscle-relaxing effects are usually caused due to the hyper-polarization of vascular smooth muscle by activating ATPase-sensitive K-channels. Hence, it is mostly used in IV as a hypotensive drug in situations arising from acute hypertensive crises. 

SY Insom, lass, anxiety tremor, hyper-reflexia, spasticity bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, pallor, nau, anor, low-wgt cent, halu, psychosis, mania, convuls, coma eye irrit TO CNS, CVS, kidneys, eyes... 

This serious MAOI/pethidine interaction also casts a shadow over morphine, which probably accounts for its inclusion in a number of lists and charts of drugs said to interact with the MAOIs. However, there is some limited evidence that patients on MAOIs who had reacted adversely with pethidine did not do so when given morphine, and quite a number of reports of its safe use. The few hypotensive reactions cited here "- are of a different character and appear to be rare. There would therefore seem to be no good reason for avoiding morphine in patients taking MAOIs, but be alert for the rare adverse response. However, several manufaeturers have contraindicated concurrent use of morphine in patients taking MAOIs or within 2 weeks of stopping an MAOI, " because they can cause CNS adverse effects with hyper- or hypotension.A similar sit-... 

Niehoff MO, Niggemann B, Sternberg J, Jenkins A, Holbrook M (2014) Measurement of hyper-and hypotension during repeated dose toxicity studies in either ireely moving or physically restrained cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 70 268-275... 

There may be bradycardia or tachycardia (both can occur following nerve agent exposure together with hyper- or hypotension). 

---