Hydroxycarboxylic acids chlorides

Oxy-aldehyd, n, hydroxy aldehyde, -ammo-niak, n, oxyammonia (hydroxylamine), -azoverbindung, /. hydroxyazo compound, -benzol, n, hydroxybenzene (phenol), -bem-steinsaure. /, hydroxysuccinic acid (malic acid). -biazol, n. oxadiazole, oxdiazole. -bitumen, n, oxidized bitumen, -carbon-s ure, /, hydroxycarboxylic acid, -chlnoltn, n. hydroxyquinoline, -clunon, n. hydroxy-quinone. -chlorid, n. oxychloride, -chlor-kupfer, n. copper oxychloride, -cyan, n. oxycyanogen. 

Acetylsultam 15 is also used for stereoselective syntheses of a-unsubstituted /1-hydroxy-carboxylic acids. Thus, conversion of 15 into the silyl-A/O-ketene acetal 16 and subsequent titanium(IV) chloride mediated addition to aldehydes lead to the predominant formation of the diastereomers 17. After separation of the minor diastereomer by flash chromatography, alkaline hydrolysis delivers /f-hydroxycarboxylic acids 18, with liberation of the chiral auxiliary reagent 1919. 

The accelerating water-reducing admixtures are simple blends of either calcium chloride, nitrate, thiocyanate or formate with a lignosulfonate or a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt. In some cases it may not possible to obtain a completely sediment-free solution and agitation of store tanks may be necessary. Typically, a mixture of approximately 33% calcium chloride and 4% calcium lignosulfonate by weight in water would be used. 

The data presented in this section illustrate that, with the exception of those accelerating water-reducing admixtures containing calcium chloride, there is an abundance of evidence to support the conclusion that water-reducing admixtures of lignosulfonate chemical form certainly will not accelerate any kind of corrosion with reinforcement and, when used to reduce the water-cement ratio, will form a more permeable and durable protective cover for the reinforcement. In view of the chemical nature of the other types of materials such as the hydroxycarboxylic acids and hydroxylated polymers, it seems most likely that these materials too would have no deleterious effect in this respect. 

The /3-lactone was formed by the cyclization of a 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid with sulfonyl chloride. An alternative synthesis attempted to control all stereochemical relationships in the molecule using the properties of silyl moieties attached to substrates and reagents <20040BC1051>. Stereoselective reactions of this type included the use of silyl groups in enolate alkylations, hydroboration of allylsilanes, and an anti Se2 reaction of an allenyl silane with an aldehyde and ry -silylcupration of an acetylene. The /3-lactone was again formed by the standard sulfonyl chloride cyclization method. 

The reaction of a-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters 459 with two equivalents of carbodiimides in the presence of cupric chloride affords a mixture of an O-alkylisourea 460 and... 

The cell medium must favour electrochemical reaction. The mobile phase must be conducting but not necessarily aqueous nonpolar solvents and hence adsorption chromatography are not compatible with electrochemical detection. The mobile phase must not contain any chlorides or hydroxycarboxylic acids. The electrochemical yield is not higher than between 1 and 10% so that most of the sample leaves the cell unchanged. A conversion level of 100% is known as coulometric detection", but the equipment is not more sensitive than amperometric systems. 

Potassium hydroxideilithium chloride a-Hydroxycarboxylic acids from aldehydes... 

Startg. cyanophosphonic ester treated slowly with satd. KCN-soln. so that the temp, does not rise while the pH reaches 12 -> phosphoric ester (Y 94%) refluxed 12 hrs. in coned. HCl -> a-hydroxyundecanoic acid (Y 93%). - This is part of a synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid chlorides with addition of 1 C-atom. F. e. s. Y. Okamoto, T. Nitta, and H. Sakurai, Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 71, 187 (1968) C. A. 69, 35342. 

Hydrogen chloride magnesium sulfate Hydroxycarboxylic acid esters from hydroxycarboxylic acids... 

Polyesters contain the ester group —COO— in the main chain. Many methods are suitable for their synthesis self-condensation of a,o>-hydroxy acids, ring-opening polymerization of lactones, the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with diols, transesterification, the polycondensation of diacyl chlorides with diols, polymerization of O-carboxy anhydrides of a- and jS-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and the copolymerization of acid anhydrides with cyclic ethers. The last reaction is commercially used in the curing of epoxides with anhydrides. 

Diphenylphosphinyl chloride N-methylmorpholineltriethylamine Phenol ring from 3,5-dienecarboxylic acids m-Hydroxycarboxylic acid esters... 

Hydrogen chloride-sodium hydroxide a-Hydroxycarboxylic acids from cyanohydrin acetates... 

Isopropylmagnesium chloride y -Hydroxycarboxylic acid esters from 0X0 compounds... 

Oxetan-2-ones possess the structure of -lactones. They are prepared by cyclodehydration of p-hydroxycarboxylic acids with phenylsulfonyl chloride in pyridine ... 

Benzenesulfonyl chloride/pyridine / -Lactones from j -hydroxycarboxylic acids... 

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