Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for tendon repair

Nanocomposites for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-l-78242 452 9.00014 5 Copyright 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved 

In this chapter, we first describe the basic properties of the tendon-bone interface including unique features in fiber organization, composition, and extracellular matrix components, the role of minerals in the development of this interface, and current strategies for repairing tendon to bone. We then discuss the mechaifism of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in tendon-to-bone insertion repair highlighting recent advances of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in repairing tendon-to-bone insertion sites. Finally, we conclude this chapter with a discussion on perspectives in this field. 

The transitional tissue interface of tendons- and ligaments-to-bone attachment, also called the enthesis, is classified as either fibrous or fibrocartilaginous. As the rotator-cuff tendon inserts into the proximal humerus, there is a transition of four distinct 

Adapted from Thomoponlos, S., 2011. The role of mechanobiology in the attachment of tendon to bone. IBMS BoneKEy 8, 271-285. http //dx.doi.org/10.1138/20110515, with permission from Nature Publishing Group. 

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Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for tendon-to-bone insertion repair... 

Local administration of hydroxyapatite powder at the tendon-bone interface in both a 3-week delayed-repair rat model and an acute-repair model showed improvement in healing the injured rotator cuff (Zhao et al 2014 Kovacevic et al., 2011). Calcium phosphate nanocomposites for tendon-to-bone interface repair can be categorized as the following. 

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