Hydrotreated coal derived liquids

Catalytic Hydrotreating of Coal Derived Liquids, Project Seacoke Phase II Final Report, Prepared for Office of Coal Research by Arco Chemical Co., Contract No. 14-01-0001-473, Dec., 1966. 

Price of raw coal derived liquid products will likely be in the range of 3.50- 5.00 per million Btu s in 1978 dollars. (4) Extensive hydrotreating to reduce heteroatom content may add on the order of 1-2 per million Btu s. (5) Typical costs for this upgrading step are presented in Figure III. Economic projections indicate that these costs can reac- price parity with petroleum derived fuels sometime between 1985 and 1995. 

However, coal derived liquids which have been severely hydrotreated to achieve nitrogen contents of less than 0.1 wt % are estimated to represent about the same cost as methanol. 

The mercaptans in the feedstock, which was about 56 percent of the total sulfur, was reduced to about six percent at 220°C and then increased to about 36 percent at 300°C and to about 57 percent at 350°C as shown in Table 4. These data confirm the occurrence of mercaptan forming reaction along with HDS of other types of sulfur. Similar results were observed by Sekhar and Rahimi while hydrotreating naphtha derived from coal liquids and heavy oil [12]. Our data show that the maximum temperature of operation for catalyst/4 is 300°C, above which recombination reactions become dominant. 

Adschiri et al. removed 70 wt.% of the nitrogen from coal-derived pitches by catalytically hydrotreating the pitch in a supercritical toluene-tetralin mixture at 450 °C [67]. These pitches could be used for the production of high-quality electrode carbon. The more conventional process for this reaction involves catalytic hydrotreating of the pitch in the liquid phase. The higher dif-fusivities in the SCF resulted in higher reaction rates. Moreover, catalyst coking could be reduced effectively due to the increased pressure and hence the solvent power of the SCF. 

Coal liquids need to be refined to finished products such as jet fuels and diesel by hydrotreating and hydrocracking. Before GC-MS analysis of coal-derived JP-8 fuels, these fuels were first tested by separation into five distillate fractions using a fractional distillation apparatus. Table 32.9 lists the yields and boiling range of fractional distillation [33]. 

Table II. Ring-Number Distributions for Saturate Concentrates Derived from Five Coal Liquids and a Hydrotreated Shale Oil...

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