Hydrophobic interactions, theoretical aspects

Proteins Theoretical aspects Ion Exchange, Hydrophobic Interaction, Reversed-Phase [28]... 

The hydrophobic interactions are known to control many aspects of self-assembly and stability of macromolecular and snpramolecular structures. This has obviously been useful in both theoretical analysis and technical development of chemical structures. Furthermore, the interaction between nonpolar parts of amphiphiles and water is an important factor in many physicochemical processes, such as surfactant micelle formation and adsorption or protein stability. To make the discussion short, this interaction will be discussed in terms of the measured data of the surface and interfacial tension of homologous series. Analyses have shown that there is no clear correlation therefore, different homologous series will be discussed separately. 

In principle, non-ionic species interact with the micellar phase based on their respective hydrophobicities, whereas cationic and zwitterionic species interact with the charged Stern layer of the micelles. However, because the elution order of, for example, cationic catecholamines is based on the relative hydrophobicities of the solutes, the surface interaction does not appear to be the only aspect controlling solubilization [83, 84]. The same cationic catechols are difficult to resolve by zone electrophoresis alone, even in a system where 300 000 to 400 000 theoretical plates are generated [85]. Thus, the use of micellar phases is clearly a useful means for controlling separation selectivity in the electrophoretic system. 

Chapters 5 and 6 may be viewed as introductory to Chapters 7 and 8, which deal with the more complex and more important aqueous solutions. Chapter 7 is devoted to pure liquid water and dilute aqueous solutions of simple solutes. There is a vast literature dealing with theoretical and experimental aspects of these systems. Only the minimum requirements for understanding the outstanding properties of this liquid and its solution are presented here. The emphasis is not on surveying the various theoretical approaches, but on fundamental concepts such as solvation, the structure of water, structural changes induced by a solute, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, and the like. All of these concepts are used to treat the more complicated systems in Chapter 8. 

---