Hydrometallurgy of copper

House, J. E. 1989. The development of the LIX reagents. Miner. Metall. Proc. 6(2) l-6. Hurtado-Guzman, C. and Menacho, J. M. 2003. Oxime degradation chemistry in copper solvent extraction plants. In Proceedings hydrometallurgy of copper modelling, impurity control and solvent extraction, vol. 6, book 2, eds. PA. Rivieros, D. G. Dixon, D. 

Sulfate solutions of leaching are of a big importance in hydrometallurgy of copper. With regard to above mentioned results sulfate media interesting in terms of influence of aqueous phase ion composition on copper extraction selectivity in the presence of iron. As double charged sulfate ion is solvated with water much better, and can t form extracting ion-associates with lipophilic cations it can believed that Fe(III) will be extracted from sulfate solutions with reagent under study only per mechanism (2) that can be implemented in a weak acid media. 

Molleman, E. Dreisinger, D. The treatment of copper-gold ores by ammonium thiosulfate leaching. Hydrometallurgy 2002, 66, 1-21. 

Kyuchoukov, G. Mihaylov, Y. A novel method for recovery of copper from hydrochloric acid solutions. Hydrometallurgy 1991, 27, 361-369. 

Mishonov, I. Kyuchoukov, G. Separation of copper and zinc during their transfer from hydrochloric acid to sulfuric acid medium using a mixed extractant. Hydrometallurgy 1996, 41, 89-98. 

Sandhibigraha, A. Bhaskara Sarma, P. V. R. Coextraction and selective stripping of copper and nickel using LIX87QN. Hydrometallurgy 1997, 45, 211-219. 

Processes for extracting metals from their ores are generally classified as pyrometallurgical, if high temperatures are used, or hydrometallurgi-cal, if aqueous solutions are used. Copper is extracted by both methods. In the pyrometallurgical process for the extraction of copper, the enriched ore is roasted, or heated in air ... 

Solvent extraction, or liquid—liquid distribution, is the process in which one or more solutes partition selectively between two immiscible liquid phases (Rydbery, Musikas and Choppin 1992). The process is applied industrially in hydrometallurgy e.g., recovery of copper and nickel from ores, in nuclear fuel... 

Boyadzhiev L and Alexandrova S. Recovery of copper from ammoniacal solutions by rotating film pertraction. Hydrometallurgy, 1994 35(1) 109-121. 

Martin TP and Davies GA. The extraction of copper from dilute aqueous solutions using a bquid membrane process. Hydrometallurgy 1977 2 315-334. 

Strzelbicki J and Charewicz W. The liquid surfactant membrane separation of copper, cobalt and nickel from multicomponent aqueous solutions. Hydrometallurgy 1980 5 243-254. 

Muir, D.M., Parker, A.J. and Giles, D.W., 1976. Cuprous Hydrometallurgy Part IV. Rates and equilibria in the reaction of copper sulfides with copper (II) sulfate in aqueous acetonitrile. Hydrometallurgy, 2 127—140. 

S. Makino, N. Kemori, N. Matsumoto, Removal of copper and other minor elements in the MCLE process in Hydrometallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt, 17-20 August 1997, (Eds. W. C. Cooper, I. Mihaylov), CIM, Sudbury, 1997, pp. 123-135. 

T. N. Lung, The History of Copper Cementation on Iron—the World s First Hydrometallurgical Process from Medieval China, Hydrometallurgy, YI, 113-129 (1986). 

R. R. Grinstead, Selective Absorption of Copper, Nickel, Cobalt and Other Transition Metal Ions from Sulfuric Acid Solutions with the Chelating Ion Exchange Resin XFS4195, Hydrometallurgy, 12, pp. 387-400 (1984). 

Byerley JJ, Scharer JM. 1992. Natural release of copper and zinc into the aquatic environment. Hydrometallurgy 30(1 -3) 107-126. 

Price,R. and J.Tumilty. "An interpretation of some aspects of solvent extraction as realted to the extraction of Copper using 0-Hydroxyaryl Oximes" (Proceedings of Symposium on "Hydrometallurgy, Instn. Chem.E.Symp.Series No 42, 1975). 

Annamalai V, Hiskey JB, Murr LE (1978) The effects of kinetic variables on the stmcture of copper deposits cemented on pure aluminum discs a scanning electron microscopic study. Hydrometallurgy 3 163... 

Annamalai V, Murr LE (1979) Influence of deposit morphology on the kinetics of copper cementation on pure iron. Hydrometallurgy 4 57... 

Karavasteva M (2005) Kinetics and deposit morphology of copper cementation onto zinc, iron and aluminium. Hydrometallurgy 76 149... 

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