Hydrogenous systems reactor calculations

Bertucco et al. investigated the effect of SCCO2 on the hydrogenation of unsaturated ketones catalyzed by a supported Pd catalyst, by using a modified intemal-recycle Berty-type reactor [63]. A kinetic model was developed to interpret the experimental results. To apply this model to the multiphase reaction system, the calculation of high-pressure phase equilibria was required. A Peng-Robinson equation of state with mixture parameters tuned by experimental binary data provided a satisfactory interpretation of all binary and ternary vapor-liquid equilibrium data available and was extended to multicomponent... 

Fig. 6.5 (a) 2D and ID manifolds for the hydrogen flame example. Starting from any point in phase space, the trajectories (dotted lines) quickly approach the 2D manifold (mesh stffface) and then the ID manifold (bold line) and move along it towards the equilibrium point. Reprinted with permission from Davis and Tomlin (2(X)8b). Copyright (2008) American Chemical Society, (b) The collapse of reaction trajectories onto a 2D intrinsic low-dimensional manifold or ILDM (black mesh) for an wo-octane—air system plotted in a projection of the state space into CO2—H2O—H2 concentration coordinates. ID ILDM (purple symbols), OD ILDM (equilibrium, red circle). The coloured lines are homogeneous reactor calculations for different fuels. Reprinted from (Blasenbrey and Maas 2000) with permission from Elsevier... 

Step 8 Input operating data of recycle hydrogen system. It is crucial to ensure that both the outlet pressure of compressor and delta P to reactor inlet are correct because they are used to calculate inlet pressure of reactor. 

Yields for the reactor system should be calculated on the basis of equal liquid residence times in the two reactors, with a negligible amount of unreacted chlorine in the vapour product streams. It may be assumed that the liquid product stream contains 1.5 wt per cent of hydrogen chloride ... 

The Sieverts-type apparatus consists of a calibrated volume determined physically, a reactor whose temperature is controlled by the temperature control system and the cooling system, a vacuum system, a pressure monitoring system, valves, and source of hydrogen and argon delivery. The quantity of desorbed hydrogen (number of molls) is calculated using ideal gas flow ... 

From the scheme of Sieverts apparatus presented in Fig. 1.31, we can see that the volume that must be taken into account during calculation of quantity of desorbed or absorbed hydrogen does not consist of only a reactor volume. The volume V in (1.44) in a real system is made up of volume of reactor plus internal volume... 

Oxidation procedure with measurement of the oxygen concentration in the liquid phase. A calculated amount of catalyst, in order to obtain 12.5 /jmol surface atoms noble metal, was introduced into the reactor. 50 ml of water was added and the system was flushed with nitrogen (500 ml/min) for 5 min to remove oxygen from the reactor. Then the reactor was flushed with hydrogen for 5 min, followed by 25 min at low gas flow and stirring at 1500 rpm. Finally the system was flushed with nitrogen for 5 min. 

Typical plasma parameters of the reduction tests with hydrogen can be seen in Table 2. Feed rate of the starting powder was changed by the flow rate of the carrier gas. The specific energy was calculated as the ratio of plate power related to the powder feed rate. Hence, this parameter considers two process variables simultaneously. In each run three samples were collected from different regions of the plasma system (i) from the reactor wall, (ii) from the bottom of the reactor, and (iii) from the cyclone. Particles deposited to different places of the plasma reactor and the cyclone were subjected to different thermal effects, so they probably have different physical and chemical characteristics, as well. 

Calculated RON values corresponded to engine values of debutanized reformate samples (25 samples) with a standard deviation of 0.55 RON units, which is close to the accuracy of engine measurements. By carrying out a number of repeated test runs, the reproducibility taken as the standard deviation for the measured reformate and hydrogen yields were determined as 0.25 and 0.02 wt%, respectively, and 0.25 units for RON. In order to achieve this a detailed calibration of the GC system was carried out, and the reactor thermocouples, the hydrogen mass flow controllers and naphtha feed pumps were thoroughly calibrated between each test run. 

The plant is to produce 3.5 X 10 kg/year of 67% Cl. Assuming that the plant operates 300 days per year, 24 hours per day, calculate the required hourly feed rales (kg/h) of the 10 wt% pVC slurry and of Cl2(g) to the absorber and the production rate of hydrogen chloride (kg/h) in the chlorination reactor. Suggestion Write balances around the system composed of the chlorine absorber and chlorination reactor.)... 

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