Hydrogenation nitro compds

Chemical Reactions. It is readily oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to the nitro compd (Ref 4). 

This intermolecular reaction is reversible, and occurs with certain other nitro compds. [Thermal extraction of the hydroxyl-hydrogen of hydro-quinone by TNT is cited in the section on The Action of Heat (Ref 96)]... 

Tromethanaine, 2-Amino-2-hydroxyrnethyl-1,3-propanediol trimethylol aminomethane tris(hydroxymeth-yl)aminomethane trisamine iris buffer trometamol Tro-methane THAM TRIS Talatrol Tris Amino Tris-steril Trizma. C.H,N03 mol wt 121.14. C 39.66%, H 9.15%, N I ]. 56%, O 39.62%. May be prepd by reduction or catalytic hydrogenation of the corresp nitro compd. Prepn of similar compds Hass, Vanderbilt, U.S. pat. 2,174,242 (1940) ... 

Uses Catalyst for dehydrogenation of alcohols, decomposition of methanol, oxygen scavenging, dehydrogenation of piperazines to pyrazines, hydrogenation of fatty acids and esters, aldehydes, ketones, unsat. alcohols, aromatic nitro compds. 

Hydrogen peroxide trifluoroacetic anhydride Aliphatic nitro compds. from oximes Carbohydrate derivs. 

Nickel boride hydrogen chloride Ar. amines from nitro compds. Selective reduction... 

A novel insoluble green complex of palladium(II) and N,N -salicylideneethylenedi-amine (salen) functions as a selective heterogeneous catalyst, notably for the reduction of alkynes in the presence of alkenes, and of the latter in the presence of certain functional groups. E ciVEthylene from acetylene derivs. A soln. of startg. acetylene deriv. in EtOH hydrogenated for 17 min in the presence of the palladium(ll) complex (prepared from potassium tetrachloropalladate, salen, and triethylamine) cis-product. Y 100%. Reduction of alkenes is considerably slower however, terminal olefins may be reduced in the presence of internal olefins esters, oxo compds., dibenzyl ether, and iodobenzene were unaffected. F.e., also ar. amines from nitro compds. s. J.M. Kerr et al.. Tetrahedron Letters 29, 5545-48 (1988). 

Potassium per oxymonosulfate j tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate Ar. nitro compds. from amines NH2... 

Sodium hydrogen sulfide/liq. ammonia Sym. disulfides from nitro compds. 

Lower valent tungsten halides are a new class of deoxygenation agents, e.g. for the conversion of carbonyl or epoxy compounds into olefins . A new reagent, generated in situ from iron pentacarbonyl and a small amount of base in moist solvents, selectively and efficiently hydrogenates the ethylenic portion of a,/ -unsaturated carbonyl compounds, such as ketones or lactones, under mild conditions. Aliphatic tert. amides can be easily reduced to alcohols by alkali metals in hexa-methylphosphoramide and a protic cosolvent such as tert-butanol. Aldehydes can be obtained from acids by catalytic reduction of intermediate carboxylic alkoxyformic anhydrides . Sec. nitro compds. are converted into ketones by the joint action of a nitrite ester and NaNOg under mild, non-acidic conditions . 

Nitration can be carried out either directly by introduction of the nitro group in place of a hydrogen atom or by adding it to a double bond, or else indirectly, by introducing into a compd a group which can readily be replaced by or converted to the nitro group... 

Nitro-2-methylcoumaran-3-one added to a suspension of 10%-Pd-on-carbon in dry benzene, hydrogenated, 2 moles of a 37%-formaldehyde soln. added, hydrogenation continued, filtered, the filtrate dried with MgS04, coned., excess methyl iodide added, and stored 2 days at 25° 5-trimethylammonio-2-methylcoumaran-3-one iodide. Y 61%. - The reduction is performed in benzene because of the instability of the intermediate dimethylamino compd. - Excess formaldehyde causes aldolization at the 2 position. M. P. Mertes, L. J. Powers, and M. M. Hava, J. Med. Chem. 14, 361 (1971). 

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