Hydrogen safe handling

Although it is widely recognized as a hazardous substance, large volumes of HF are safely manufactured, shipped, and used, and have been for many years. Excellent manuals describing equipment and procedures for the safe handling of hydrogen fluoride are available from manufacturers (16,17,42). 

Addition of sodium hydride to a damp reactor which had not been pinged with inert gas caused evolution of hydrogen and a violent explosion. Solid dispersions of the hydride in mineral oil are more easily and safely handled [1], When an unprotected polythene bag containing the hydride was moved, some of the powder leaked from a hole, contacted moisture and immediately ignited. Such materials should be kept in tightly closed containers in an isolated, dry location [2],... 

The present procedure is a specific example of the method generalized by Leonard and Johnson.8 The method employs extremely mild reaction conditions and affords high yields of sulfoxides (Note 9) free of contamination by sulfides or sulfones. Sodium periodate is easily and safely handled however, the higher cost of this reagent in comparison to certain other oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, may prohibit its use in large-scale reactions. 

From Interox Chemicals Ltd, who supply notes on the safe handling of these concentrated solutions, and advise on the use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacids (Section 4.2.56, p. 455). t A freshly prepared solution (5%) of sodium ascorbate should be readily available for use as an eye wash. 

From Interox Chemicals Ltd, who supply notes on safe handling of these concentrated solutions, and advise on the use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacids. 

Concentrated peroxide may decompose violently in contact with iron, copper, chromium, and most other metals or their salts, and dust (which frequently contains rust). Absolute cleanliness, suitable equipment (PVC, butyl, or Neoprene rubber), and personal protection are essential for safe handling. During concentration under vacuum of aqueous or of aqueous-alcoholic solutions of hydrogen peroxide, violent explosions occurred when the concentration was sufficiently high (probably above 90%). Detonation of hydrogen peroxide vapor has been studied experimentally.6... 

For some oxidations, toxic heavy metal oxidants are used [313], This can be circumvented by the use of microreactor technology due to safe handling of elemental fluorine that can be used to mediate oxidation reactions [313], This is possible in a direct way via fluorine introduction into the substrate and subsequent replacement by an oxygen moiety. In an indirect manner, intermediate oxygen transfer reagents such as HOF MeCN can be generated by the reaction of aqueous acetonitrile with elemental fluorine that then attacks the substrate. The only byproduct is hydrogen fluoride that could be recycled by electrolysis. 

Note Although Hydrogen Peroxide undergoes exothermic decomposition in the presence of dirt and other foreign materials, it is safe and stable under recommended conditions of handling and storage. Information on safe handling and use may be obtained from the supplier. 

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