Hydrogen production for fuel cells

Production of hydrogen and its derivatives from bio-based raw materials has also been a subject of much research. Several reports can be found on the photocatalytic reforming of biomass to hydrogen [14]. 

Ethanol is a nontoxic substance with relatively high H2 content, and its advantage is that it can be produced from renewable sources, for example, from various biomasses and wastes. In addition, purification of the produced reforming gas has been of interest to researchers. Hydrogen purification has been studied, for instance, with membranes [19] which can also have catalytic performances. 

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Fuel reforming is popular way for hydrogen production for fuel cell use. Hydrocarbons are used for the fuel resource. Methane (CH4) steam reforming process consists of the following two gas phase reactions with various catalysts. 

Freeman, B.D., High Temperature Nano-Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Production for Fuel Cells, Final Report, TCEQ/NTRD Grant Contract 582-5-65591-0002, August 2006. 

Medium heating-value gas (10 to 20 MJ/m3 or 270 to 540 Btu/ft3) can be used as fuel gas for gas turbines in IGCC applications, for substitute natural gas (SNG) in combination with methanation process, for hydrogen production, for fuel cell feed, and for chemical and fuel synthesis. 

Reuse, P., Renken, A., Haas-Santo, K., Gorke, O., Schubert, K., Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal microchannel reactor, Chem. Eng.]. 2004, 101,133-141. 

K. Ledjeff-Hey, T. Kailk, J. Roes, Catalytic cracking of propane for hydrogen production for fuel cells, Fuel... 

Brown, F.L. A comparative study of fuels for on-board hydrogen production for fuel-cell-powered automobiles. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2001, 26 (4), 381. 

Alvarez-Galvan, M.C., Navarro, R.M., Rosa, F., Briceno, Y., Ridao, M.A., and Fierro, J.L.G. Hydrogen production for fuel cell by oxidative reforming of diesel surrogate Influence of ceria and/or lanthana over the activity of Pt/Al203 catalysts. Fuel, 2008, 87 (12), 2502. 

Aupretre, F., Descorme, C., and Duprez, D. Hydrogen production for fuel cells the catalytic ethanol steam reforming. Topics in Catalysis, 2004, 30-31 (1), 487. 

The ultradeep desulfurization of the current commercial fuels has become a bottleneck in hydrogen production for fuel cell applications. It is urgent to develop a more efficient and environmentally friendly process and technology for the ultradeep desulfurization of the hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cell applications. Many approaches have been conducted in the improvement of the conventional HDS process or development of new alterable processes. These approaches include (a) catalytic HDS with improved and new catalysts, reactor, and/ or process (b) selectively adsorptive desulfurization and (c) ODS and others. 

As stated earlier, an increased interest is currently being concentrated on smaller-scale hydrogen production for fuel cell applications ranging from industrial to residential and mobile implementations. An especially important emphasis has been placed on the design of on-board fuel processors capable of generating the hydrogen necessary to power vehicles. Another application of the mobile fuel processor under development is the portable processor/fuel cell system capable of powering electronic devices with liquid hydrocarbon fuels, as replacement for batteries.24 26... 

Choudhary T V, Sivadinarayana C, Goodman D W (2001), Catalytic ammonia decomposition COx-free hydrogen production for fuel cell applications, Catal. Lett., 72(3-4), 197-201. 

Hoang DL, Chan SH, Ding OL (2006) Hydrogen production for fuel cells by autotheimal reforming of methane over sulfide nickel catalyst on a gamma alumina support. J Power Sources 159 1248-1257... 

Other studies on membrane micro-reactors were carried out for integrating different process steps in one micro-device for portable hydrogen production for fuel cell applications (see a.o. Ref. [60-62]). 

Pd-Based Membranes in Hydrogen Production for Fuel cells... 

Kim, J., Lee, D. (2013). Glycerol steam reforming on supported Ru-based catalysts for hydrogen production for fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 11853-11862. 

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