Formic acid, and hydrogen peroxide

METHOD 1 Strike s sentimental favorite. The one Strike has dreamt about so very often. This method involves taking hydrogen peroxide and formic acid to form a temporary intermediate which is subsequently hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to give the ever-lovely ketone. 

Hydrogenation, of gallic add with rhodium-alumina catalyst, 43, 62 of resorcinol to dihydroresorcinol, 41,56 Hydrogen peroxide, and formic acid, with indene, 41, 53 in oxidation of benzoic add to peroxy-benzoic add, 43, 93 in oxidation of ieri-butyl alcohol to a,a/r, a -tetramcthyltetra-methylene glycol, 40, 90 in oxidation of teri-butylamine to a,<, a, a -tetramethyltetra-methylenediamine, 40, 92 in oxidation of Crystal Violet, 41, 2, 3—4... 

Hydroxylactonization of (—)-29 with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid gave the tricyclic compound 90, [a] +47.9° (ethanol). Reduction of 90 with lithium aluminum hydride, followed by acetylation, provided the triacetate 91, which was converted into the pentaacetates 92 and 93 by aceto-lysis. 0-Deacetylation of 92 and 93 gave 7 and 94, respectively The physical constants of all enantiomeric carba-sugars are listed in Table 1. 

MILOX [Milieu oxidative] A wood-pulping and bleaching process. Wood chips are treated with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in a three-stage process. Developed by the Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (KCL) and Kemira. Piloted at Oulu, Finland in 1991. 

A similar type of chain process occurs in the case of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (H6). 

The dihydroxylation of terminal ro-fluoroalkenes is accomplished by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The first step is obviously the formation of an epoxide followed by ring opening.88 The reactivity of the C = C bond is very probably not affected by the distant C-F bond.88... 

Brucine behaves similarly but, under much more vigorous conditions (hydrogen peroxide and formic acid at 60°), oxidation of the benzene ring occurs, and a 48% yield of C19 Hannsen acid is obtained, a much higher yield than is obtained with Cr03 (143). 

Hydroxylation at double bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids is accomplished stereoselectively by the same reagents as those used to hy-droxylate alkenes. syn Hydroxylation is carried out with potassium permanganate [101] or osmium tetroxide with hydrogen peroxide [130], sodium chlorate [310, 715], potassium chlorate [715], or silver chlorate [310] as reoxidant, anti Hydroxylation is achieved with peroxyacids, such as peroxybenzoic acid [310] or peroxyformic acid, prepared in situ from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid [101] (equation 472). 

Hydroxylation with peroxyformic acid is carried out by allowing the alkene to stand with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, HCOOH, for a few hours, and then heating the product with water to hydrolyze certain intermediate compounds. 

The second step is the removal of the produced sulfoxides and/or sulfones by adsorption, abstraction, and/or abstraction. The advantages of the ODS are that it avoids the use of hydrogen and allows the process to be conducted at ambient conditions, which is much more efficient energetically. More interesting is that the oxidation reactivity of 4,6-DMDBT in the presence of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid is higher than that of DBT, as reported by Otsuki et al.234... 

Chlorination of codeine with gaseous chlorine or chlorine water gives resinous substances [167-8], but 1-chlorocodeine can be prepared by the action of hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate on codeine [167-8] or of 30 per cent, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid on codeine hydrochloride [327]. 

The S,S-dioxide (structure I), 2-Main product of oxidation of cystine hydrochloride wilh a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (Ut-nnger, loc. cit.). Dec on heating, becoming partly viscous at ibout 205°. Practically insol in water. 

NOg" was purified from contaminating N02" and NH4 in a two-step procedure modified from (19). N02 was first oxidized to NOa by 1% (v/v, final concentration) H2O2 with the solution pH adjusted to 2.0 with formic acid. The solution was evaporated to dryness, removing most of the hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The residue, containing and NH4%... 

A mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid oxidized o-DAP 107 containing a tertiary nitrogen atom to give IP 108 in 15-20% yield (66JCS(C)80). 

Henkel Kgaa, Preparation of Epoxidized Fatty Alcohol from Unsaturated Alcohol by Reaction with Aqueous Solutions of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formic Acid in Presence of Buffer, Without Catalyst, EP Patent 286937 (1988). 

We prepared the cis-isomer of 1-phenyl-l-hydroxy-2-tosyloxycyclohexane (7) of mp 109-110 °C starting from 1-phenylcyclohexene, which was converted into the corresponding cu-diol with the acid of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, followed by selective monotosylation. The cis configuration was sdected here in order to minimize a stereoelectronic effect of CH group leading to die enhanced elimination of the p-tosyloxy residue. 

ENR/latex-g- Hydrogen peroxide and formic acid Biomedical Chemical structure characterizing using [89]... 

The performic acid used in oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids is produced in the laboratory by reacting formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. One part of 30% hydrogen peroxide is mixed with nine parts of 88% formic acid. This mixture is cooled (the hydrogen peroxide and formic acid may be cooled before mixing) and allowed to react for 1 h. The 1-h reaction time will maximize the concentration of performic acid. The cold performic acid is then added to the sample and allowed to... 

Ebrahimi et al. [24] studied the formation of petformic acid and peracetic add in a tubular microreactor and used a plug flow model that could reasonably well explain the experimental data. In the continuously performed experiments, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid were mixed in the micromixer (Sht Interdigital Micromixer from IMM [25]). The solution was fed in the micromixer and then in the Teflon tube with an inner diameter between 1.0 and 1.6 mm. The reaction rate depends on the hydrogen peroxide (HP), formic add (FA), and hydroxonium ion (HjO ) concentrations ... 

ASR-2 A process for desulfurizing diesel fuel by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The sulfur compounds are oxidized to sulfones that are removed by adsorption on alumina. Developed by Unipure and Texaco and demonstrated at Valero Energy s refinery at Krotz Spring, LA, from 2002. 

Electron-rich heterocyclic aldehydes [182, 183] undergo the same type of reaction. Thus, 2-formylfuran 23 is converted into the corresponding unsaturated lactone 24 in 69% yield by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid as shown in Eq. (9) [182]. 

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