Hydrocarbon gas mixtures

Toplak, G.J., Solubilities of Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Distilled Water Near Hydrate Forming Conditions, M.S. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, PA (1989). 

Partial oxidation processes rank next to steam-hydrocarbon processes in the amount of hydrogen made. They can use natural gas, refinery gas, or other hydrocarbon gas mixtures as feedstocks, but their chief advantage is that they can also accept liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks such as gas oil, diesel oil, and even heavy fuel oil. All processes employ noncatalytic partial combustion of the hydrocarbon feed with oxygen in the presence of steam in a combustion chamber at flame temperatures between 1300 and 1500°C. For example, with methane as the principal component of the feedstock ... 

Hydrate formation of hydrogen + hydrocarbon gas mixtures. /. Chem. Eng. Data, 45, 908. 

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification in aqueous samples is the basis for the so-called liquid membrane process (LMP). This has been used mostly for the concentration and separation of metallic elements or other species such as weak acids and bases, hydrocarbons, gas mixtures and biologically important compounds such as amino acids [61-64]. LMP has aroused much interest as an alternative to conventional LLE. An LMP involves the previous preparation of the emulsion and its addition to the aqueous liquid sample. In this way, the continuous phase acts as a membrane between both the aqueous phases viz. those constituting the droplets and the sample). The separation principle is the diffusion of the target analytes from the sample to the droplets of the dispersed phase through the continuous phase. In comparison to conventional LLE, the emulsion-based method always affords easier, faster extraction and separation of the extract — which is sometimes mandatory in order to remove interferences from the organic solvents prior to detection. The formation and destruction of o/w or w/o emulsions by sonication have proved an effective method for extracting target species. 

Costa E., Sotelo J.L. Calleja G. and Marron C., Adsorption of binary and temaiy hydrocarbon gas mixtures on activated carbon experimental determination and theoretical prediction of the ternary equilibrium data, AlChE Journal 27(1) (1981) pp.5-12. 

These pseudo-criticals (or molecular average criticals) are used in exactly the same way as the actual criticals are used for single gases. However, since the Law of Corresponding States is not an exact law, it is customary, when dealing with hydrocarbon gas mixtures, to use a Z factor chart, such as Figure 10, prepared from experimental data obtained from gas mixtures,... 

A demethanizer tower is used in a refinery to separate natural gas firom a light hydrocarbon gas mixture stream (1) having the composition listed below. However, initial calculations show that there is a considerable energy wastage in the process. A proposed improved stem is outlined in Fig. P5.34. Calculate the temperature (°F), pressure (psig), and composition (lb mol/hr) of all the process streams in the proposed system. 

A hydrocarbon gas mixture is to have its propane content reduced by 45% by absorption in a heavy oil at a pressure of 4 atm. Tridecane is used to represent the oil in this illustration. Feed flows are summarized in Table 14.7. 

Table XXI.—Composition of Air-Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures to Give Maximum Flame Temperatures, Maximum Speeds of Uniform Movement of Flame, and Complete Combustion. ...

For hydrocarbon gas mixtures (including the light gases such as N2, C02, and H2S), Reid et al.55 recommend the Soave modification of the Redlich-Kwong equation, the Lee-Kesler equation, or the Lee-Erbar-Edmister equation. If the mixture contains hydrogen, the Soave equation should be used. For gas mixtures containing nonhydrocarbons, Reid et al.55 have recommended the Lee-Kesler correlation, the Yen-Alexander correlation, the Barner-Adler equation of state, or the Sugie-Lu equation of stale. 

When volumetric data are available for a polar gas or for hydrocarbon gas mixtures containing polar species, the Won modification of the Soave equation of state can be used to determine the two pure-component parameters Ap( Tc) and a for the polar compound. With these parameters, the Won modified equation of state provides good estimates of VLE K-ratios of trace polar compounds in hydrocarbon-rich mixtures. 

Hydrocarbon gases, compressed, n.o.s., 2.1 Hydrocarbon gas, liquefied, n.o.s., 2.1 Hydrocarbon gas mixture, compressed, n.o.s., 2.1 Hydrocarbon gas mixture, liquefied, n.o.s., 2.1 Hydrocarbon gas-powered small devices Hydrocarbon gas refills for small devices with release device, 2.1 Liquefied gases, non-flammable charged with nitrogen, carbon dioxide Liquefied gas, n.o.s., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 8 Liquefied hydrocarbon gas... 

The chemical-vapor deposition of diamond films and their applications are reviewed by C.-P. Klages and by R. S. Sussmann et al. in Parts II and III, respectively. To date the most effective CVD method (with the greatest mass deposition rate) is based on the hydrogen/hydrocarbon gas mixtures. In this method diamond is formed for kinetic reasons according to the simplified reaction ... 

Separation of light hydrocarbon gas mixtures in refinery, cracker, petrochemical plants become commonplace. Market reaches > U.S. 50 million/year. 

The object to be treated is passed over one or more burners, each of which possesses a large number of closely spaced jets. The burners are fed with an air-hydrocarbon gas mixture whose proportions are carefully controlled. Ayres and Shofher found that with methane the optimum treatment time for an unspecified polyolefin was 0.02 s. A study of the flame treatment of LDPE showed very high levels of oxidation, although the oxidized layer was only 4-9 nm thick. 

According to Blum et al. (35) conditioning or activating a catalyst in a flow of n-butane under usual operating conditions has too little a beneficial effect in catalytic performances for a fluid-bed where no hot spot exists. Therefore preliminary conditioning of the catalyst inade the reactor in nitrogen at temperatures higho- than the reaction temperature is proposed before the introduction of the lean hydrocarbon gas mixture. 

Figure 2.11 The influence of curvature on the vapor pressure of a pure substance and the dewpoint pressure of a hydrocarbon mixture (a) system in the single-phase gaseous state. (6) fbr a pure substance, as pressure increases, gas may condense and the condensation will occur first in Tube 1. (c) For a hydrocarbon gas mixture with retrograde condensation behavior, as pressure decreases, liquid may form also in Tube 1 (liquid wets the substrate ...

Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures, 1964 22 alcohol with not more than 45% ... 

Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures, liquefied. 1965 22 Hydrogen Cyanide, stabilized. 1051 U... 

HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURES, liquefied, n.o.s. 1980 14 RARE GASES and OXYGEN MIXTURES... 

Centeno TA, Fuertes AB (2001) Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from a phenolic resin supported on porous ceramic tubes. Sep Purif Technol 25 (1-3) 379-384 Fuertes AB, Menendez 1 (2002) Separation of hydrocarbon gas mixtures using phenolic resin-based carbon membranes. Sep Purif Technol 28 (1) 29-41... 

Euertes AB, Menendez I (2002) Separation of hydrocarbon gas mixtures using phenolic resin-based earbon membranes. Sep Purif Tech 28 (1) 29-41... 

Boustany, K., Narayan, R. S., Patton, C. J., and Stookey, D. J., 1983, Economics of Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures, Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Gas Processors Association Annual Convention, pp. 146-149. 

B.E. Milton, J.C. Keck, Laminar burning velocities in stoichiometric hydrogen and hydrogen-hydrocarbon gas mixtures. Combust. Flame 58, 13-22 (1984)... 

---