Hydration capacity

According to El-Mashri et al.,190 the A106 A104 ratio determines the hydration capacity of anodic oxides. Tetrahedral sites are hydrated easily to form a boehmite-like structure, which is known to be composed of double layers of Al-centered octahedra, weakly linked by water molecules to other layers.184 As the oxide formed in H3P04 contains about 70% tetrahedral aluminum bonds, its hydration ability should be higher than that of the oxide formed in tartrate solution. However, this has not been found in practice, which is interpreted by El-Mashri et al. as being due to some reduction of A104 by incorporated phosphate species. 

Figure 33. Hydration capacity of porous oxides formed in various electrolytes. The capacity to absorb various anions is also shown.

The protein fraction showed low nitrogen solubility and rather low water hydration and oil absorption values relative to those of the proteinates but oil emulsification was quite high. Refined legume fiber had a water hydration capacity of over 20 g/g product. 

Functional property tests were conducted in duplicate. AACC (21) methods were used for the determination of water hydration capacity (Method 88-04) and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) (Method 46-23). Oil absorption capacity was measured by the procedures of Lin et al. (22) and oil emulsification by a modification (22) of the Inklaar and Fortuin (23) method. Pasting characteristics of 12.0% (w/v, db) slurries of the flours and processed products were determined on a Brabender Visco/Amylograph (Method 22-10). The slurries were heated from 30 to 95°C before cooling to 50°C to obtain the cold paste viscosity value. Gelation experiments were conducted by heating 15% (w/v db) slurries in sealed stainless steel containers to 90°C for 45 min in a water bath C3). 

Process and product PH Nitrogen solubility index % Water hydration capacity g/g sample Oil absorption Oil emulsification capacity g/g sample % ... 

A number of problems related to utilization of various portions of the plant for food and feed were recently reviewed by us (61). Notably the hard seed coat, poor hydration capacity and hard-to-cook phenomena needs to be overcome. 

The behaviors of the Li and Cs resonances for membranes incorporating these counterions are qualitatively similar to that for the samples incorporating the Na probe, d for the Cs+ form undergoes a significant shift at the lowest water content, which is reasonable considering the low hydration capacity of this large cation. 

Table IV. Water hydration capacity values of various protein...

Functional property terminology is not well defined and is not universally agreed upon. Often, the same term is used to describe a variety of methods measuring different properties. For example, terms such as water hydration capacity, water absorption, water binding, and waterholding capacity are all used interchangeably to describe water bound or retained by a protein. It is therefore necessary to carefully define the terms under study and make sure the methods selected measure the desired parameters. 

Quinn, J.R. and Paton, D. 1979. A practical measurement of water hydration capacity of protein materials. Cereal Chem. 56 38-40. 

In the case of a structurally inhomogeneous series of antihistamines, the sedative side-effects were found to be much better described by their octanol-water distribution coefficient at pH 7.4, log D, than by Alog P0ct.-aik. or their hydration capacity, Aalkane [b7[. 

Sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, Disintegrant Hydration capacity, water uptake... 

Table 1.4-1. Estimated Hydrazine Hydrate Capacities in Western Producer Countries in 1992 in 10 t/a.

If water is added to crospovidone instead of merely exposing it to atmospheric humidity, it binds significantly more. Its hydration capacity is best determined by the following method [3] ... 

The hydration capacity is calculated as the quotient of the weight after hydration and the initial weight. For normal crospovidone, usually it lies in the range 3-6. 

Rezzoug, S.A. Maache-Rezzoug, Z. Mazoyer, J. Jeannin, M. Allaf, K. Effect of instantaneous controlled pressure drop process on the hydration capacity of scleroglucan optimisation of operating conditions by response surface methodology. Carbohydr. Polym. 2000, 42, 73-84. 

The role of the acetate groups in the cell wall of the living tree is not clear. It has been suggested that they serve the function of decreasing the hydration capacity of the xylan, which could, otherwise, conceivably lower the tensile strength of the woody tissue. This appears doubtful, in view of... 

For instance, fibrin can form a nanofibrillar gel however, as a cell-deliveiy vehicle it lacks mechanical strength and exhibits low hydration capacity. Therefore, hyaluronic acid was attached to a fibrinogen molecule (a precursor of fibrin) to... 

The capacity for hydration of a substance in the crystalline state is a measure of its hydration capacity in solution. Sulphuric acid e. g., does form crystalline hydrates. In liquid mixtures of sulphuric acid and water, these hydrates, of course, are present as well. They are then dissolved in an excess of either water or sulphuric acid. In inorganic chemistry there are also numerous examples of solid substances forming chemically definite hydrates, though these cannot be detected by the common methods (X-ray diagram, isothermal or isobaric decomposition) which imply the existence of phases with crystalline order. According to R. Fricke (Walden, Handbuch d. allgemeinen Chemie, 9 (1937), 520), a typical example is chromium (3) hydroxide. In such cases the vapour pressure isotherms do not represent the typical step-ladder type but resemble those of solutions (R. Fricke, Naturwiss., 31 (1943) 469). 

The mechanism of complex formation of metals with chitosan is manifold and is probably dominated by different processes such as adsorption, ion exchange, and chelation under different conditions. In Fig. 15.6, it can be seen that the sorption capacity of chromium and cadmium is similar, while zinc has approximately double the affinity of these two metal ions for chitosan. Chitosan has almost three times the removal capacity for copper sorption than that for cadmium or chromium. These effects have proved complex to interpret but are a function of a number of parameters ionic radii ionic charge electron structure and possibly some hydration capacity of the metal ions solution pH and nature and availability of sites for chitosan. 

Camire, M.E Flint, S.I.. Thermal processing effects on dietary fiber composition and hydration capacity in com meal, oat meal, and potato peels. Cereal Chem. 1991, 68, 645-647. 

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