Hydrates structural formulas

Chemical Name Tetrakis(hydroxymagnesium)decahydroxydialuminate dihydrate Common Name Magnesium aluminate hydrate monalium hydrate Structural Formula [Mg(DH)]4 [(HD)4AI(DH)(HO)AI(OH)4]-2H2D Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 1317-26-6... 

Chemical Name 5-Hydroxy-a,a,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-l-methanol Common Name Pinol hydrate Structural Formula ... 

Figure 12.2 Structural formulas of formaldehyde and its hydrate, methylene glycol.

Hoffmann etal. [26] suggested the structural formula (la) for tetrazene, i.e. l-guanyl-4-nitrosoaminoguanyltetrazene. The correctness of this formula was later questioned by Patinkin, Horwitz and Lieber [27]. The synthesis of tetrazene by the action of tetrazolediazonium hydroxide (II) on aminoguanidine salts (III) at 0°C, suggested that tetrazene has the structure of l-(5-tetrazolyl)-4-guanyltetrazene hydrate (I) ... 

Relative rate of acid-Structural formula catalyzed hydration ... 

Table 16.3.3. Structural formulas for some acid hydrates...

Acid hydrate Empirical formula Structural formula... 

The carboxonium ions of Figure 9.10 act as electrophiles in the polymerization of formaldehyde and formaldehyde hydrate. The most simple of them has the structural formula A, i.e., it is protonated formaldehyde from which the carboxonium ions B, C, E and so on are formed successively. The nucleophile causing these conversions is formaldehyde, which reacts with the cited electrophiles via its carbonyl oxygen and thus acts as a heteroatom nucleophile. 

There are numerous hydrated silicates of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals. Of the sodium compounds, with empirical formulae Na20. Si02. 5, 6,8, and 9 H2O, the first and last have been studied. Their structural formulae are Na2 Si02(0H)2]. 4 and 8 H20. They apparently contain ions [Si02(0H)2] in which Si-0 = 1-59 A and Si-OH = 1-67 A. 

PROBLEM 17.5 Chloral is one of the common names for trichloroethanal. A solution of chloral in water is called chloral hydrate this material has featured prominently in countless detective stories as the notorious "Mickey Finn" knockout drops. Write a structural formula for chloral hydrate. 

Chemical formulas describe the simplest atom ratio (empirical formula), actual atom number (molecular formula), and atom arrangement (structural formula) of one unit of a compound. An ionic compound is named with cation first and anion second. For metals that can form more than one ion, the charge is shown with a Roman numeral. Oxoanions have suffixes, and sometimes prefixes, attached to the element root name to indicate the number of oxygen atoms. Names of hydrates give the number of associated water molecules with a numerical prefix. Acid names are based on anion names. Covalent compounds have the first word of the name for the element that is leftmost or lower down in the periodic table, and prefixes show the number of each atom. The molecular (or formula) mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses in the formula. Molecules are depicted by various types of formulas and models. 

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