Hura crepitans

Sand-bad. n. sand bath, -badachale, /. sand-bath dish, -beerbaum, m. arbutus (the tree), -beere,/. bearberry arbutus, -bestrahlung, /. sandblasting, -boden, m. sandy soil, -biichsenbaum, m. sand-box tree Hura crepitans). -dombeerCi /. sea buckthorn berry. 

Hippomane mancinella (manchineel apple), Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae) [fruit, leaf latex], Pimelea simplex, Wikstroemia retusa (Thymelaeaceae)... 

A number of plant toxins are cyclic members of this series. Huratoxin is the piscicidal constituent of Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae). X-Ray analysis showed 34 jjg structure [117 R - H, R = CH CH-CH CH(CH2)8Me] was related to daphnetoxin (117 R = H, R = Ph). Mezerein (117) which is the toxic principle of Daphne mezereum, containsthe cinnamylidene acetic ester (R ) and orthobenzoate (R ) units. Ingenol (118), as its 3-hexadecanoic acid ester, is an irritant isolated from Euphorbia ingens Its structure was determined by X-ray analysis of the triacetate. 

A Regma is a capsular fruit of two or more carpels that first splits into separate parts and then each of these dehisces. This type of fruit is typical of Hura crepitans (Sandbox), Pelargonium and Geranium, Fig. 99 (5). 

Croton is endemic to the tropical parts of Asia it has been imported to Mauritius and to East Africa. Croton oil was a well-known purgative in human as well as in veterinary medicine (57, 58). The active compounds are esters of phorbol, a tetracyclic, tiglian-type diterpen. Croton oil possesses a burning taste and causes vomiting and diarrhea applied locally it produces skin irritation followed by formation of blisters and edema. Closely related to phorbol is huratoxin (daphnan-type frame) from Hura crepitans, a tree endemic to the tropical part of America (59). 

White cedar Hura crepitans 3 Gl upset, dermatitis... 

C34H4JO8, Mr 584.75, [aJo +55.1 (CHCI3), a toxic di-terpene with daphnetoxin structure from Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae). H. irritates the eyes and skin and can lead to blindness. As a fish toxin H. is ten times more potent than rotenone. It has insecticidal activity. Lit. J. Nat. Prod. 47, 482 (1984) Phytochemistry 32, 141 (1993). - [CAS 33465-16-6]... 

Sakata K, Kawazu K, Mitsui T 1971 Studies on a piscicidal constituent of Hura crepitans. Part I. Isolation and characterization of huratoxin and its piscicidal activity. Agr Biol Chem 35 1084-1091... 

C) The intention seems to be to emphasize the frightful nature of the poison as compared with merely being eaten aliue peecemeale Unfortunately, the wapototo plant that yielded this poison has not been identified—it might have been Hippomane mancinella or Hura crepitans or some related species. 

---