Human immunodeficiency virus resistance testing

HIV genotype A type of resistance testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which a patient s blood sample is obtained, their HIV RNA is sequenced, and mutations that have developed that may confer resistance to antiretrovirals are reported. 

HIV phenotype A type of resistance testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which a patient s blood sample is obtained, and the patient s HIV genes that encode for reverse transcriptase and protease are removed and placed in an HIV viral vector. This viral vector is replicated in a cell culture system with varying concentrations of antiretrovirals. A drug concentration-viral inhibition curve is developed and the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the patient s virus is reported. This is used to predict resistance versus susceptibility. 

Hirsch MS, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, Conway B, Kuritzkes DR, D Aquda RT, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 2003 recommendations of an international AIDS Society-USA panel. Chn Infect Dis 2003 37 113-28. 

---