Human glycogen synthase kinase

Human glycogen synthase kinase-3 Inhibited by indigoid oxime with IC50 = 5-13 nM 125... 

Aoki, M. Iwamoto-Sugai, M. Sugiura, L Sasaki, C. Hasegawa, T. Oku-mura, C. Sugio, S. Kohno, T. Matsuzaki, T. Expression, purification and crystallization of human T-protein kinase I/glycogen synthase kinase-3. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D, 56 (Pt 11), 1464-1465 (2000)... 

In humans, Li+ therapy is used in the clinical treatment of certain bipolar disorders (e.g., manic depression), where its action is presumed to be inhibition of abnormal PI signaling, due to a decrease in inositol substrate availability (Lachman and Papolos, 1989). More recent studies have indicated the presence of other Li+-sensitive enzymes in animals that may also function as in vivo targets for Li+ action in animal development. These include the inositol polyphosphate-1 phosphatase (IPPase) (York et al., 1995) and glycogen synthase kinase-3(3 (Klein and Melton, 1996). However, why inositol would rescue the phenotypes putatively caused by the inhibition of such enzymes remains unclear thus, this area is still ripe for experimentation that could reconcile these issues. 

BMP) in combination with LIF sustains self-renewal via the Smad pathway [18], Recent studies have implicated the importance of Wnt-signaling pathways in the maintenance of ES cell pluripotency [19]. Components of the p catenin Wnt-signaling pathway are expressed in ES cells, and it is likely that activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway using a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3-specific inhibitor (BIO) that maintains the pluripotent state of human ES and mouse ES cells [19] (see Figure 11.2-1). 

Danen EH (2005) Integrins regulators of tissue function and cancer progression. Curr Pharm Des 11 881-891 Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V et al (1998) Phosphoinosit-ide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 11211-1126 Diaz-Montero CM, McIntyre BW (2003) Acquisition of anoi-kis resistance in human osteosarcoma cells. Eur J Cancer 39 2395-2402... 

Lin et al. [17] Colon cancer Suppress MMP-7 expression and leptin-mediated cell invasion Lycopene could effectively inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3p (GSK-SP), and ERK 1/2 proteins in human colon cancer HT-29 cells... 

Kjaersgaard G, Madsen K, Marcussen N, Christensen S, Walter S, Jensen BL. Tissue injury after lithium treatment in human and rat postnatal kidney involves glycogen synthase kinase-3p-positive epithelium. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012 302 F455-65. 

Wojtaszewski, J.RE, Nielson, R, Kiens, B., and Richter, RA., Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in human skeletal muscle effects of food intake an bicycle exercise. 

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