Hull fouling

Godwin, L. S., (2003), Hull fouling of maritime vessels as a pathway for marine species invasions to the Hawaiian Islans Biofouling, Vol. 19(supplement), 37-43. 

The invasion of alien species via the three pathways mentioned is mainly implemented with ballast waters of ships or with the ship hull fouling communities. 

As an example of the effect that corrosion can have on connnercial industries, consider the corrosive effects of salt water on a seagoing vessel. Corrosion can drastically affect a ship s perfonnance and fiiel consumption over a period of time. As the hull of a steel boat becomes corroded and fouled by marine growths, the... 

Car-ferry vessels in Australia have 0-15 mm of aluminium-sprayed coatings on the inside and outside of the hull followed by a compatible anti-fouling paint. Steel vertical legs on the S. S. President Cleveland and S. S. President Wilson are aluminium sprayed followed by two coats of aluminium-pigmented vinyl paint. Aluminium-sprayed steel is also giving... 

Fouling of hulls leads to a significant increase in the surface roughness which in turn Introduces an economic penalty for ship owners. The Importance of surface roughness has been reviewed by Christie (J ), who also describes the development of self polishing... 

Protective Coatings. A variety of protective coatings is available for steel in sea-water service. For such applications as ships hulls, normal practice is to apply compatible antifouling paint over the corrosion-resistant primer coating system. Figure 4 shows panels which have resisted fouling for a year or more as compared with adjacent panels where the experimental coating is not protective. 

Before applying nonfouling paints, the cleaned surface of the hull is covered with an adhesive sublayer or a layer of adhesion promoter, and anticorrosion paint. In seawater tests panels covered with these paints do not foul even after 27 months of exposition panels covered with normal paints fouled by 100% already after 2 months. The serviceability of paints... 

The present-day Black Sea, similar to many other seas, is an area of practical human activity. Changes in the composition of flora and fauna are caused by the unintentional delivery of new species with ships, by intentional introduction of commercial species and unintentional release of other species with them, by insertion by aquarium holders, and by the propagation and spreading of species over newly constructed canal systems that connect previously isolated basins. At present, among the above-listed ways (vectors) of penetration of accidental invaders, the principal ways are the transfer with the ballast ship waters and traveling with the fouling communities of ship hulls. 

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