Seagoing Vessels

As an example of the effect that corrosion can have on connnercial industries, consider the corrosive effects of salt water on a seagoing vessel. Corrosion can drastically affect a ship s perfonnance and fiiel consumption over a period of time. As the hull of a steel boat becomes corroded and fouled by marine growths, the... 

Lead was measured in soil from a port facility where galena ore concentrate and smelter dross arriving by rail were offloaded, stored, and reloaded onto seagoing vessels from 1974 through 1985. The lead concentrations ranged from 1,900 to 183,000 mg/kg ( pg/g) (Ruby et al. 1994). 

In spite of these disadvantages, some of which appear to be already overcome (Anderson et al., 2003), many successful case-stories of the use of foul-release coatings are available on fast-moving vessels and propellers (Anderson et al., 2003). However, the existence of powerful broad-spectrum synthetic biocides with satisfactory degradation profiles in sea water (e.g. Sea-Nine 211, Zn- and Cu- pyrithiones Yebra et al., 2004) means that chemically-active antifouling coatings will probably dominate the bulk market of AF paints for seagoing vessels for many years to come (Yebra et al., 2004). 

Anderson, C., Atlar, M., Callow, M., Candries, M., Milne, A., Townsin, R.L. The development of foul-release coatings for seagoing vessels. Journal of Marine Design and Operations, December issue (2003), 11-23. 

In deeper waters, exploration is conducted from floating rigs, including submersibles and drill ships. Drill ships with conventionally shaped hulls of seagoing vessels are not so stable as semisubmersibles (semis) in rough waters, but can to moved from location to location much faster-... 

Note that these jurisdictional issues are complex the fact that the vessel is employed in petroleum activities distinguishes it from ordinary seagoing vessels because separate rules of international law are then brought into play. Also, the international law mles (and even the internal regulations) on safety zones establish a separate basis for a certain coastal sate jurisdiction over foreign vessels. However, we need not look into the general implications of this. 

It should be noted that for the transport of a freight container there may be more than one entry in Table DC or Table X of the Regulations, respectively, that may be apphcable. As an example, for a large freight container to be carried on a seagoing vessel there is no limit on the number of TIs or CSIs as regards the total vessel, whereas there is a limitation of TIs and CSIs in any one hold, compartment or defined deck area. It is also important to note that several requirements presented in the foomotes apply to certain shipments. These foomotes are requirements and not just information. 

Safety technology has a long history and is an important part of risk engineering. In the eighteenth century a competition was run for a chronometer which would operate accurately at sea so that longitude could be measured - essential for the safe operation of seagoing vessels. It was won ly a John Harrison. 

Vessel shall mean any seagoing vessel or inland waterway craft used for carrying cargo. 

Sacrificial Anode Tedmique (SAT) It can also be used to protect an uncoated (bare) stmctures, seagoing vessels, offshore tanks, offshore platforms, water heater, and the like. In fact, a cathodic protection design using sacrificial anodes requires several anodes. These anodes must be monitored frequently because they dissolve sacrificiaUy (purposely) and eventually are reduced in size and become incapable of delivering the necessary current to the stmcture. 

Additionally, stray-current corrosion is common on seagoing vessels, such as boats. For example, powered battery chargers generate dc stray currents, which may flow indefinitely if proper precautions are ignored or overlooked. This type of corrosion can manifest as pitting in confined ares, metal surface discoloration, rust formation on steel parts or weakening of batteries. 

Fouling on seagoing vessels and pleasure craft is mostly treated by paints from which toxic components with an antifouling action are encouraged to leach [67-75]. The active ingredients are fieed at the coating-water interface and any organisms that try to stick to the hull are killed. 

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