Hot-melt extruded films

ExxonMobil Chemical Company, On-line properties analysis of a molten polymer by Raman spectroscopy for control of a mixing device. Inventors D.G. Marrow, D.A. Yahn, and T.R. Veariel. 20 pp. (inch 10 fig.). Appl. 22 Jul 2005. Int. Cl. GOIJ 3/44 GOIN 21/65. US Patent Application Publication 2007/0019190 Al 105. V.S. Tumuluri, M.S. Kemper, I.R. Lewis, S. Prodduturi, S. Majumdar, B.A. Avery and M.A. Repka, Off-line and on-line measurements of drug-loaded hot-melt extruded films using Raman spectroscopy, Int. J. Pharm., 357, 77-84 (2008). 

V.S. Tumuluri, M.S. Kemper, I.R. Lewis, S. Prodduturi, S. Majumdar, B.A. Avery and M. Repka, Off-line and on-hne measnrements of dmg-loaded hot-melt extruded films using Raman spectroscopy, Int. J. Pharm., 357, 77-84 (2008). 

Fig. 13 Differential scanning calorimetry profiles of hot-melt extruded films containing chlorpheniramine maleate and hydroxypropylcellulose (A) chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) (B) 10% CPM and 90% HPC (Klucel HF) physical mix and (C) 10% CPM and 90% HPC (Klucel HF) extruded film. (From Ref. )...

Fig. 15 Glass transition temperatures of films containing different levels of Vitamin E TPGS incorporated into two formulations of HPC/PEO hot-melt extruded films n = 4). (From Ref - l)...

A bioadhesive hot-melt extruded film for intraoral drug delivery and the processing thereof has been patented.f Applications of these films may be utilized in transmucosal drug delivery or even transder-mal systems. The films may be produced separately and layered after extrusion, or in some cases, a multilayered system may be extruded in one continuous process. Currently on the market is an extruded film device that is utilized as a denture adhesive. This system includes thermoplastic polymers that have a bioadhesive quality when the film is wetted. Before application and wetting, however, this thin film may be held in one s hand and shaped or cut. This device is again produced by a one-step, continuous process using hot-melt extrusion technology. 

Table 7 Processing conditions for hot-melt extruded films containing a 50 50 ratio of hydroxypropylcellulose to polyethylene oxide with vitamin E TPGS as an additive n — 4)...

Fig. 19 Example of a force-deflection profile obtained from a butt bioadhesion experiment utilizing hot-melt extruded films in vivo using a Chatillon digital force gauge attached to a motorized test stand. (From Ref. l)...

Fig. 20 Force of adhesion of hydroxypropylcellulose hot-melt extruded films containing various polymer additives (12 subjects, n — 6). (From Ref l)...

Repka, M.A. McGinity, J.W. Physical-mechanical, moisture absorption and bioadhesive properties of hydroxy-propylcellulose hot-melt extruded films. Biomaterials 2000, 21 (14), 1509-1517. 

It is also used in hot-melt extruded films for topical use. When it is produced with chlorpheniramine maleate, the matrix is stabilized, allowing film processing at lower temperatures. Mucoadhesive hydroxypropyl cellulose microspheres have been prepared for powder inhalation preparations. A specification for hydroxypropyl cellulose is included in the Food Ghemicals Godex (EGG). 

Repka, M.A., Gutta, K., Prodduturi, S., Munjal, M., Stodghill, S.P. Characterization of cellulosic hot-melt extruded films containing lidocaine. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2005, 59(1), 189-196. 

Repka, M.A. Prodduturi, S. StodghiU, S.P. Production and characterization of hot-melt extruded films containing clotrimazole. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2003,29(1), 757—765. 

McGinity J, Repka M. Hot melt extruded films. Drug Deliv Technol 2004 4(7) 40-47. Sood A, Ashokraj Y, Panchagnula R. Use of extrusion spenronization to develop controlled release dosage forms for diltiazem hydrochloride. Pharm Tech 2004 April 62-85. Jalal IM, Malinowski HJ, Smith WE. Tablet granulations composed of spherical-shaped particles. J Pharm Sci 1972 61 1466-1468. 

Variety of form. Rubber base adhesives can be supplied for assembly operations as solvent or water-borne dispersions, hot melts, precast films, extruded tapes or reinforced films. In addition solvent and water-borne dispersions can be supplied as single or two-components systems. 

Plasticizers may also be incorporated into hot-melt extruded dosage forms to improve the physical-mechanical properties of the final dosage form. In transdermal films, the addition of a plasticizer to the... 

Table 3 Stability of plasticizers in hot-melt extruded HPC films processed at 180°C as a function of storage conditions (n — 6)...

Vinyzene . [Mmon bit L Morton Int l. NV SA] 10,10 -Oybisphenoxarsine soTn.s antimicrobial, bacteriostat fungistat fiv PVC, other plastics, rubber, pdylefins, PU, PS, CTE, hot-melt adhesives, film and she extruded po-files, dasiisols, molded goods, organosols, fabric coatings. 

Water vapor sorption (WVS) is used to assess the hygroscopicity of the hot melt extruded formulations. WVS is used in quantification of amorphous content in pharmaceutical solids. Prodduturi et al. investigated the use of rapid dynamic vapor sorption techniques for analysis of films containing hydroxypropyl cellulose and clotrimazole. ... 

Zhu, Y. Mehta, K.A. McGinity, J.W. Influence of plasticizer level on the drug release from sustained release film coated and hot-melt extruded dosage forms. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2006, 77(3), 285-294. 

While diameter of extruded tube increases due to blowing via inner air (for higher product efficiency its temperature could be controlled), it is in meantime withdrawn away from the die and cooled from outside. The finished film is thus formed between the die and frost line, defined as point where film is changed from the melt to the solid state, by the simultaneous blowing and drawing of the tube of hot melt extruded from the die. 

Due to the unique mechanical properties of HPC, it is widely used in many applications such as extruded films, solid dispersions, and hot-melt extruded tablet formulations to name a few. 

Extrudate It is the plastic hot melt as it emerges/discharges/exits from the extruder die s orifice into a desired product form such as film, sheet, etc. 

Zhang et al. studied the effect of conductive network formation in a polymer melt on the conductivity of MWNT/TPU composite systems (91). An extremely low percolation threshold of 0.13 wt% was achieved in hot-pressed composite film samples, whereas a much higher CNT concentration (3-4 wt%) is needed to form a conductive network in extruded composite strands. This was explained in terms of the dynamic percolation behavior of the CNT network in the polymer melt. The conductivity of extruded strand showed a hopping resistivity dominated behavior at low concentrations and a dynamic percolation induced network dominated behavior at higher concentrations. It was shown that a higher temperature can reduce the filler concentration required for the dynamic percolation to take effect. 

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