Hot-atom chemistry

The next stage, which we ought to try to reach as soon as possible, is that of measurement of physical parameters of the systems so as to relate hot atom chemistry to other areas of physical chemistry. Here one would think immediately of the possible use of electron spin resonance to observe the existence and stability of the various radical species which have been postulated or inferred to occur in several systems -Cr(CO)j., Mn(CO)5, -FeCp, As 2> others. One might... 

The only respect in which the hot atom chemistry of organometallic compounds has so far been applied to other fields of study is in the area of isotope enrichment. Much of this has been done for isolation of radioactive nuclides from other radioactive species for the purpose of nuclear chemical study, or for the preparation of high specific activity radioactive tracers. Some examples of these applications have been given in Table II. The most serious difficulty with preparation of carrier-free tracers by this method is that of radiolysis of the target compound, which can be severe under conditions suited to commercial isotope production, so that the radiolysis products dilute the enriched isotopes. A balance can be struck in some cases, however, between high yield and high specific activity (19, 7J),... 

Sano, H., Giitlich, P. Hot Atom Chemistry. Kodansha, Tokyo (1984) (and references therein)... 

Contents Introduction. - Experimental Techniques Production of Energetic Atoms. Radiochemical Separation Techniques. Special Physical Techniques. - Characteristics of Hot Atom Reactions Gas Phase Hot Atom Reactions. Liquid Phase Hot Atom Reactions. Solid Phase Hot Atom Reactions. - Applications of Hot Atom Chemistry and Related Topics Applications in Inorganic, Analytical and Geochemistry. Applications in Physical Chemistry. Applications in Biochemistry and Nuclear Medicine. Hot Atom Chemistry in Energy-Related Research. Current Topics Related to Hot Atom Chemistry and Future Scope. - Subject Index. 

When Bernie Shizgal arrived at UBC in 1970, his research interests were in applications of kinetic theory to nonequilibrium effects in reactive systems. He subsequently applied kinetic theory methods to the study of electron relaxation in atomic and molecular moderators,46 hot atom chemistry, nucleation,47 rarefied gas dynamics,48 gaseous electronics, and other physical systems. An important area of research has been the kinetic theory description of the high altitude portion of planetary atmospheres, and the escape of atmospheric species.49 An outgrowth of these kinetic theory applications was the development of a spectral method for the solution of differential and integral equations referred to as the quadrature discretization method (QDM), which has been used with considerable success in statistical, quantum, and fluid dynamics.50... 

I trust that this book gives the flavor of the pace, excitement, and accomplishments of the last few years of cluster research. For me, the most surprising and important feature of this volume is the breadth that this new area of physical chemistry demonstrates. The various experimental chapters cover ionic chemistry, hot atom chemistry, photochemistry, neutral molecule chemistry, electron and proton transfer chemistry, chemistry of radicals and other transient species, and vibrational dynamics and cluster dissociation. Of at least equal importance is that theoretical potential energy surface studies are not accessible for cluster systems and are being pursued. All of us associated with this project have tried to convey the fresh insights and contributions that van der Waals cluster research has brought to physical chemistry. 

An important aspect of hot-atom chemistry concerns the stereochemistry of substitution reactions, particularly if the reactions proceed via retention or (Walden) inversion. Cross sections for the reac-... 

Hot Atom Chemistry Status Report. IAEA, Vienna (1975). 

Tominaga, T., and Tachikawa, E., Modern Hot-Atom Chemistry and Its Applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York, 1981. 

Temperature-dependent spectra (240). Hot atom chemistry reported (117). m 1 JMoP data (10, 258). 

Because energies of the order of 1 eV to 1 MeV are transmitted to the atoms by nuclear reactions, corresponding to temperature equivalents of the order of 10" to 10 ° K, these atoms are called hot atoms and their chemistry is called hot atom chemistry , or recoil chemistry if the recoil effects are considered. 

R. Wolfgang, Hot Atom Chemistry, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 16, 15 (1965)... 

T. Tominaga, E. Tachikawa, Modem Hot Atom Chemistry and its Application, Springer, Berlin, 1981... 

J. P. Adloff, P. P. Gaspar, M. Imamura, A. G. Maddock, T. Matsuura, H. Sano, K. Yoshihara (Eds.), Handbook of Hot Atom Chemistry, Kodansha, Tokyo, and VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 1992 J. P. Adloff, R. Guillaumont, Frmdamentals of Radiochemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993 A. G. Maddock, Radioactivity and the Nuclear Environment, Radiochim. Acta 70171, 323 (1995)... 

Hot-atom chemistry Chemical effects of nuclear transfonnations (radioactive decay or nuclear reactions)... 

Research in nuclear and radiochemistry comprises Study of radioactive matter in nature, investigation of radioactive transmutations and of nuclear reactions by chemical methods, hot atom chemistry (chemical effects of nuclear reactions) and influence of chemical bonding on nuclear properties, production of radionuclides and labelled compounds, and the chemistry of radioelements - which represent more than a quarter of all chemical elements. 

Radiation chemistry and hot atom chemistry of cyclopropane and its derivatives... 

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