Horseradish peroxidase molecular weight

In general, molecules penetrate the oral mucosa more rapidly than ions, and smaller molecules penetrate more rapidly than larger molecules. However, this rule is not absolute because dextrans with a molecular weight of up to 70,000 cross keratinized rabbit oral mucosa,but horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight 40,000) does not. ° High-molecular-weight mucopolysaccarides such as heparin are not well absorbed,although inclusion of penentration enhancers in some insulin formulations have improved bioavailability. ... 

Due to the relatively high-molecular-weight of the enzyme, conjugates formed with antibodies and P-gal tend to be much bulkier than those associated with AP or horseradish peroxidase. For this reason, antibody conjugates made with P-gal may have more difficulty penetrating tissue structures during immunohistochemical staining techniques than those made with the other enzymes. 

LiP catalyzes the oxidation of a low-molecular-weight redox mediator, veratryl alcohol, which in mrn mediates one-electron oxidation of lignin to generate aryl cation radicals [100]. The radicals facilitate a wide variety of reactions such as carbon-carbon cleavage, hydroxylation, demethylation, and so on. Dezotti et al. [101] reported enzymatic removal of color from extraction stage effluents using lignin and horseradish peroxidases immobilized on an activated silica gel support. 

How would you change the experimental conditions in order to trap an enzyme that has a molecular weight over 1 million Horseradish peroxidase has a molecular weight of 40,000. 

Pitkanen et al. [51] reported the isolated bovine RPE-choroid was up to 20 times more permeable to lipophilic than hydrophilic beta-blockers. Furthermore, the in vitro permeability of bovine RPE-choroid to hydrophilic compounds and macromolecules was 10 to 100 times less compared to sclera, whereas the permeability for lipophilic molecules was in the same range for both tissues. The isolated bovine RPE-choroid also exhibited differential permeation by molecular weight and Stokes radius. The permeation rate of 4, 10, and 20 kDa FITC dextrans was moderate compared to a good permeation rate for the 376 Da carboxyfluor-escein and a poor penetration rate for 40 and 80 kDa FITC-dextrans. The permeability to carboxyfluorescein was 35 times more than to 80 kDa FITC-dextran [51]. In a study on the permeability of the human ciliary epithelium to a horseradish peroxidase, Tonjum and Pedersen [52] reported that ciliary and iridial epithelium contained a system of paracellular zonulae occludentes. Peroxidase was applied on the stromal side of ciliary body and iris specimens obtained from freshly enucleated eyes. The 40 kDa peroxidase was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the CNPE whereas in the iris the progression of peroxidase was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the IPE. Freddo [53] studied the intercellular junctions in the posterior IPE cells of the rhesus monkey by electron microscopy, freeze-fracture, and horseradish peroxidase. Intravenously injected horseradish... 

Yeast cytochrome c peroxidase is carbohydrate-free the other three peroxidases are glycoproteins. Molecular weights are 35,200 for cytochrome c peroxidase, 40,000 for horseradish peroxidase, 41,000 for lignin peroxidase ", and 72,000 for prostaglandin H synthase. Die crystal structure of cytochrome c peroxidase has been determined ". ... 

It is now well-established that some enzyme families, including various peroxidases and laccases, catalyze the polymerization of vinyl monomers and other redox active species such as phenol-type structures. Vinyl polymerization by these redox catalysts has recently been reviewed 93). These catalysts have been used to prepare polyanilines 94) and polyphenols 95,96). A few examples of related research are included in this book. For example. Smith et al (57) described a novel reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the presence of HRP and oxygen, D-glucuronic acid was polymerized to a high molecular weight (60,000) polyether. However, the authors have not yet illucidated the polyether structure. Two other oxidative biotransformations were discussed above i) the sono-enzymatic polymerization of catechol via laccase 31), and ii) the oxidation of aryl silanes via aromatic dioxygenases 30). 

We have recently reported the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reaction in dioxane for the synthesis of polymers from phenols and aromatic amines (9,10). We have also shown that molecular weight and other properties of the polymer products could be controlled by the reaction conditions used. 

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