Horizontal shafting

Rotary Vacuum Disk Filters. An alternative to the dmm filter is the disk filter, which uses a number of disks mounted vertically on a horizontal shaft and suspended in a slurry reservoir. This arrangement provides a greater surface area for a given floor space, by as much as a factor of 4, but cake washing is more difficult and cloth washing virtually impossible. 

The disk filter is similar to the dmm in operation, but filtration is conducted using a series of large diameter filter disks that carry the filter medium on both sides of the disk. They are connected to the main horizontal shaft and partly immersed in the feed slurry. The central shaft is connected by a set of valves which serve to provide vacuum and air as in dmm filters. As the disk sections submerge during rotation, vacuum is appHed to form a cake on both sides of the disk. The cycle of operation is similar to that in a dmm filter. One unit can have as many as 12 disks of up to 5-m diameter. Disk filters, both compact and cost effective, are used extensively in the iron ore industry to dewater magnetite concentrates. 

Fig. 18. Stirred wet ball mills (a) vertical and (b) horizontal shaft, and (c) annular gap.

Another method used in Europe for steeply inclined seams is caked horizontal mining. Horizontal shafts are cut through rock below the coal seams. Vertical connections are then made to the seam to permit coal removal. 

The horizontal-tvpe screen is actuated bv an enclosed mechanism consisting of off-center vv eights geared together on short horizontal shafts. The mechanism is iisiiallv mounted betvv een the side plates and above the screen bodv (Fig, 19-17),... 

Hammer Crusher (Fig. 20-27) Pivoted hammers are mounted on a horizontal shaft, and crushing takes place by impact between the hammers and breaker plates. Heavy-duty hammer crushers are frequently used in the quarrying industiy, for processing municipal solid waste, and scrap automobiles. 

If structural damping is to be considered, then a revised set of relationships must be used. For a system allowing vertical and horizontal shaft motion, the change in shear and moment across a station is given by ... 

Side Entering describes a mixer design whieh has a horizontal shaft entering through the side of a mixing vessel. 

Flocculation units should have multiple compartments and should be equipped with adjustable speed mechanical stirring devices to permit meeting changed conditions. In spite of simplicity and low maintenance, non-mechanical, baffled basins are undesirable because of inflexibility, high head losses, and large space requirements. Mechanical flocculators may consist of rotary, horizontal-shaft reel units as shown in Figure 9. 

Figure 9. Mechanical flocculation basin horizontal shaft-reel type.

For horizontal shaft pumps and vertical shaft pumps having no thrust bearing (entire thrust load carried by the motor), the locked-rotor torque required is usually between 5 and 20%, and for vertical shaft machines having their own thrust bearing a locked-rotor torque as high as 40% is sometimes required. 

To prevent this type of error, the balancer operators and those who do final assembly should follow the following procedure. The balancer operator should permanently mark the location of the contact point between the bore and the shaft during balancing. When the equipment is reassembled in the plant or the shop, the assembler should also use this mark. For end-clamped rotors, the assembler should slide the bore on the horizontal shaft, rotating both until the mark is at the 12 o clock position and then clamp it in place. 

One procedure is to use test specimens in the form of discs which can be rotated at the desired speed while either wholly or partly immersed in the testing solution, and Freeman and Tracy described a device of this sort in a contribution to the ASTM Symposium on Corrosion Testing Procedures. With their apparatus the specimen discs were mounted on horizontal shafts and were partially immersed in the testing solution. 

In the edge runner mill shown in Figure 2.8 a heavy cast iron or granite wheel, or muller as it is called, is mounted on a horizontal shaft which is rotated in a horizontal plane in... 

In essence, the disc filter operates in a manner similar to a bottom-feed drum filter. The principal differences to be noted are the compartments which are formed on both faces of vertical discs. These comprise eight or more segments, each of which is connected to the horizontal shaft of the machine. The filtrate and air are drawn through the filter medium, into the drainage system of the segments, and finally through passages in the rotary shaft to a valve located at one or both ends. 

Joshi and Sharma(69) and Fukada et al. llh have investigated the performance of vessels with multiple impellers on horizontal shafts. 

Fig. 1.2 Motions of balls in attiitor mills the dotted vertical line represents the axis of rotation of a vertical shaft on which a number of horizontal shafts (arms) are mounted, which strike balls and agitate their motion in a very energetic manner powder particles trapped between the balls are subjected to high-rate deformation processes...

The edge runner (Figs. 93 and 94) consist of two heavy (500-600 kg) cast-iron wheels approximately 1.5 m dia. and. 5 m wide. The wheels rotate around horizontal shafts connected by a clutch with l ertical axle (7) so as to enable clutch (2) to be lowered or raised together with the suspended wheels (3). The vertical axle butts against the bearing (4) situated in the centre of an iron tray (5). Near the wheels... 

The nitrating add is metered by means of tipping vessel fixed on a horizontal shaft (Fig. 45a). 

ATTRITION MILLS. Equipment of this type is used in the process industries to reduce the size of various feeds. Attrition connotes a rubbing action, although this action usually is combined with other forces, including shear and impact. Attrition mills also are referred to as disk mills and normally comprise two vertical disks mounted on horizontal shafts, with adjustable clearance between the vertical disks. In some designs, one vertical disk may be stationary. In other designs, the two vertical disks... 

The nitrating acid is metered by means of tipping a vessel fixed on a horizontal shaft (Fig la). Acid flows into the vessel (1) from a pipe ending inside a container constructed of acid-resistant steel or lead, in which the tipping vessel is located. The stream of acid fills the vessel, and as a determined weight is reached it tips over and another empty vessel swings into place under the acid inlet pipe. This fills in turn and tips over to pour off its contents, and so the cycle continues. A volume-meter connected to the equipment indicates the volume of liquid... 

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