Horizontal abscissa

Fig. 24—Area percentage in different inverse Knudsen number ranges, D is inverse Knudsen number A, is the area satisfied with the inequalities in the horizontal abscissa, (a) sliding speed v = 9.57557 m/s (b) sliding speed v=40 m/s.

As an example. Figure 6.10 shows the ORR current—potential curves at the disk electrode and their corresponding currents at the ring electrode, recorded at different electrode rotating rates, where the horizontal abscissa is the disk potential, and the upper vertical ordinate is the ring current and the lower vertical ordinate is the disk current. 

FIG. 4. Ellipticity 53 of the transmitted light beam through the sample as a function of 7 for —5. The dashed part on the horizontal abscissa corresponds to the unstable solutions shown in Fig. 1. 

On the horizontal abscissa axis, we shall show the proportion of carbon in the CO state, and on the vertical axis, the proportion of H2 in the state of free H2 gas. Hence, we shall have ... 

Figure 1. Enter on the abscissa at the water vapor pressure at the valve inlet. Proceed vertically to intersect the curve. Move horizontally to the left to read rc on the ordinate (Reference 1).

When we plot these results with relative volumes on the ordinate (vertical axis) and temperatures on the abscissa (horizontal axis), we obtain the graph shown in Figure 4-5. The straight line passes through the experimental points. When extrapolated upward, it shows that the volume at 273°C is double that at 0°C. Extrapolated downward, the line shows that the... 

A plot of the absorbance against the concentration of the pure analyte does not pass through zero as all the absorbance values are enhanced by an equal amount due to the presence of the unknown concentration in the added sample. Extrapolation of the graph back to the abscissa (the horizontal axis) gives the concentration of the unknown as a negative value. Alternatively it can be determined from the slope of the line by taking any two points on the line, as shown in Fig. 19.10. From this it can be seen that ... 

It follows directly from this that the vapour pressure of a solution is lower, at a given temperature, than that of pure solvent. For, if temperature and pressure are coordinates, a horizontal line through p p = 1 atm. will cut the vapour pressure P curves of solution and solvent at points, the abscissae of which represent temperatures at which both vapour pressures are equal to atmospheric pressure, i.e., the boiling-points. 

What we can display is the free energy of reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products. They are shown separated on a horizontal scale for convenience the abscissa is not defined. This display will be called a reaction profile diagram. 

Fig. 44.23. Some common neighbourhood functions, used in Kohonen networks, (a) a block function, (b) a triangular function, (c) a Gaussian-bell function and (d) a Mexican-hat shaped function. In each of the diagrams is the winning unit situated at the centre of the abscissa. The horizontal axis represents the distance, r, to the winning unit. The vertical axis represents the value of the neighbourhood function. (Reprinted with permission from [70]).

Again for the titration of Ce(IV) with Fe(II) we shall now consider constant-potential amperometry at one Pt indicator electrode and do so on the basis of the voltammetric curves in Fig. 3.71. One can make a choice from three potentials eu e2 and e3, where the curves are virtually horizontal. Fig. 3.74 shows the current changes concerned during titration at e1 there is no deflection at all as it concerns Fe(III) and Fe(II) only at e2 and e3 there is a deflection at A = 1 but only to an extent determined by the ratio of the it values of the Ce and Fe redox couples. The establishment of the deflection point is easiest at e2 as it simply agrees with the intersection with the zero-current abscissa as being the equivalence point in fact, no deflection is needed in order to determine this intersection point, but if there is a deflection, the amperometric method is not useful compared with the non-faradaic potentiometric titration unless the concentration of analyte is too low. 

Because the extension of the polaron in polyene radical cations is finite (10-20 double bonds depending on the type of calculation), its electronic structure is independent of the number of double bonds attached to either side of it, so that the two lines in Figure 29 must bend at some point to meet the abscissa horizontally, as indicated by the dashed curves. Apparently, the point of inflection has not been reached for n = 15, but it is of interest that the curve for the first excited state could well extrapolate to 0.35 eV, which happens to be where the absorption of a polaron in polyacetylene has been observed300. If this is true, a second, more intense absorption band should occur between 0.5 and 0.7 eV, but the corresponding experiments have not yet been carried out. 

The x-axis (horizontal) is sometimes called the abscissa and the y-axis (vertical) is the ordinate. A simple way to remember which axis is which is to say, an expanse of road goes horizontally along the x-axis, and a Yo-Yo goes up and down the y-axis. ... 

The abscissa (or horizontal scale) should be in the same scale as the values, and should be divided so that the entire range of observed values is covered by the scale of the abscissa. Across such a scale we then simply enter symbols for each of our values. Figure 22.2 shows such a plot. 

Data belonging to distribution profiles may be compared either vertically along the release/response ordinate or horizontally along the time abscissa. The semi-invariants (moments) provide a complete set of metrics, representing both aspects in logical sequence AUC accounts (vertically) for the difference of the extent, the mean compares (horizontally) the rates, and higher-order moments and higher-order statistics (variance, etc.) characterize the shape aspect from coarse to finer. 

The lUPAC Commission for Analytical Nomenclature defines the calibration curve [138] as the dependence of the electromotive force of the given ISE -reference electrode cell on the logarithm of the activity or concentration of the given substance. It is recommended that the potential be plotted on the ordinate (the vertical axis) and the logarithmic function of the activity or concentration on the abscissa (the horizontal axis), with the concentration increasing from the left to the right. 

Figure 11.1 is a chart of nuclides with N as the ordinate and Z as the abscissa. In this representation, isotones appear along horizontal Unes and isotopes along the same vertical line. The opposite sort of representation is known as a Segre chart. ... 

Figure 9.7 Vibrational energy levels determined from solution of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation for some arbitrary variable 6 (some higher levels not shown). In addition to the energy levels (horizontal lines across the potential curve), the vibrational wave functions are shown for levels 0 and 3. Conventionally, the wave functions are plotted in units of (probability) with the same abscissa as the potential curve and an individual ordinate having its zero at the same height as the location of the vibrational level on the energy ordinate - those coordinate systems are explicitly represented here. Note that the absorption frequency typically measured by infrared spectroscopy is associated with the 0 —> 1 transition, as indicated on the plot. For the harmonic oscillator potential, all energy levels are separated by the same amount, but this is not necessarily the case for a more general potential...

Label the axes (the vertical axis is the ordinate, the horizontal axis the abscissa) with both units and dimensions. 

For example, typical for the empirical flow charts is the flow-regime map of Charpentier and Favier [14], whose use has been recommended by Tosun [15]. It uses the coordinates proposed by Baker [16] for two-phase flow in horizontal tubes. The abscissa is the superficial mass flow-rate of the gas the ordinate is the ratio of the liquid-to the gas-mass flow-rates. The properties of the gas and the liquid are taken into account by the parameters ... 

Enter the ordinate of Figure 17-11 with an initial pressure of 3000 psia. Move horizontally to the 160°F isotherm. Move vertically to the abscissa, 580 psia, which is die lowest final pressure precluding hydrate formation. The intersection of a final pressure of 580 psia with the dashed line gives 59[Pg.485]

For the function y = /(x), each ordered pair of numbers, (x,y), can be used to define the coordinates of a point in a plane, and thus can be represented by a graphical plot, in which the origin, O, with coordinates (0,0), lies at the intersection of two perpendicular axes. A number on the horizontal x-axis is known as the abscissa, and defines the x-coordinate of a point in the plane likewise, a number on the (vertical) y-axis is known as the ordinate, and defines the y-coordinate of the point. Thus, an arbitrary point (x,y) in the plane lies at a perpendicular distance x from the y-axis and y from the x-axis. If x > 0, the point lies to the right of the y-axis if x < 0, it lies to the left. Similarly, if y > 0, the point lies above the x-axis, and if y < 0, it lies below (see Figure 2.1). 

Set up a graph of RI on the abscissa versus dilution number on the ordinate and draw a horizontal line that extends from the start of an odor to its stop for each dilution tested. Drop a perpendicular at the beginning or end of an area of the graph where no odor was detected to define the odor-active regions in the chromatogram. 

---