Vertical ordinate

To select a trap from Fig. 6.8, when the condensation rate is uniform and the pressure across the trap is constant, enter at the left at the condensation rate—say 8000 lb/h (3600 kg/h) (as obtained from step 1)—and project horizontally to the right to the vertical ordinate representing the pressure... 

As an example. Figure 6.10 shows the ORR current—potential curves at the disk electrode and their corresponding currents at the ring electrode, recorded at different electrode rotating rates, where the horizontal abscissa is the disk potential, and the upper vertical ordinate is the ring current and the lower vertical ordinate is the disk current. 

To show that the arrow in Fig. 11.4 represents the change in G/n for phase separation, we let y represent the vertical ordinate and write the equation of the dashed line through points a and P (y as a function of xa) ... 

With j as the vertical ordinate from the stationary plate, the velocity gradient is defined as du U... 

Fig. 5. Probe chain (circles 0) and network chain (triangles A) quadrupolar splittings as a function of (X -X ). The free chain volume fraction is S%. On the right vertical ordinate is the calculated order parameter S for the Si-CD3 bonds of the PDMS chains.

Jo = the Bessel function of the first kind and order 0, z = the vertical ordinate with the center of the core as reference,... 

Ternary-phase diagrams, consisting of three components, possess four independent variables pressure, temperature, and the concentrations of any two components out of three present in a ternary system. If pressure is fixed, then the presence of four phases gives rise to an invariant system. Compositions are represented on an equilateral triangle and the temperature on the vertical ordinate (Figure 4.9). 

In the photographic plate therefore the vertical ordinate gives a measure of the place in the cell, the horizontal one a measure of the refractive index gradient. 

The apparent difference between the curves for tension and compression is due solely to the geometry of testing. If, instead of plotting load, we plot load divided by the actual area of the specimen, A, at any particular elongation or compression, the two curves become much more like one another. In other words, we simply plot true stress (see Chapter 3) as our vertical co-ordinate (Fig. 8.7). This method of plotting allows for the thinning of the material when pulled in tension, or the fattening of the material when compressed. 

Figure 1. Enter on the abscissa at the water vapor pressure at the valve inlet. Proceed vertically to intersect the curve. Move horizontally to the left to read rc on the ordinate (Reference 1).

The analytical method of jet trajectory study developed by Shepelev allows the derivation of several other useful features and is worth describing. On the schematic of a nonisothermal jet supplied at some angle to the horizon (Fig. 7.25), 5 is the jet s axis, X is the horizontal axis, and Z is the vertical axis. The ordinate of the trajectory of this jet can be described as z = xtga a- Az, where Az is the jet s rise due to buoyancy forces. To evaluate Az, the elementary volume dW with a mass equal to dm dV on the jet s trajectory was considered. The buoyancy force influencing this volume can be described as dP — g(p -Pj). Vertical acceleration of the volume under the consideration is j — dP / dm — -p,)/ g T,-T / T. Vertical... 

Fig. 5. Tentative mixed potential model for the sodium-potassium pump in biological membranes the vertical lines symbolyze the surface of the ATP-ase and at the same time the ordinate of the virtual current-voltage curves on either side resulting in different Evans-diagrams. The scale of the absolute potential difference between the ATP-ase and the solution phase is indicated in the upper left comer of the figure. On each side of the enzyme a mixed potential (= circle) between Na+, K+ and also other ions (i.e. Ca2+ ) is established, resulting in a transmembrane potential of around — 60 mV. This number is not essential it is also possible that this value is established by a passive diffusion of mainly K+-ions out of the cell at a different location. This would mean that the electric field across the cell-membranes is not uniformly distributed.

When we plot these results with relative volumes on the ordinate (vertical axis) and temperatures on the abscissa (horizontal axis), we obtain the graph shown in Figure 4-5. The straight line passes through the experimental points. When extrapolated upward, it shows that the volume at 273°C is double that at 0°C. Extrapolated downward, the line shows that the... 

Plot potentials as ordinates and volumes of reagent added as abscissae draw a smooth curve through the points. The equivalence point is the volume corresponding to the steepest portion of the curve. In some cases the curve is practically vertical, one drop of solution causing a change of 100-200 millivolts in the e.m.f. of the cell in other cases the slope is more gradual. 

Fig. 5.—In this figure ordinates and abscissas represent loci on the electronegativity map, and the heavy vertical lines are drawn to the height A, the observed deviation from additivity of bonds, attributed to their ionic character. Equation 1 in the text requires that these heights increase with the square of the distance from the diagonal.

Fig. 2.—Electron distribution for hydrogen-like states the ordinates are values of D. Z-1. 10 8, in which D = 4mxp, with p the electron density. The vertical lines correspond to r, the average value of r.

Figure 4.24. Estimated concentration of ion using the standard addition technique with an ion-selective electrode. The simulated signal traces are for DVM resolutions of 1, 0.1, 0.01, resp. 0.001 mV (left to right). For each resolution the added volume V2 is varied from 2.4 to 2.55 ml in increments of V2 = 10 /rl. The ordinate marks indicate the 95-105% SLs. The expanded traces for 0.1. .. 0.001 mV resolution are also given. The simulation was run for five different values of 0 = 300 + RND [mV]. The vertical drops (e.g., A B) occur at...

If a data set was first appropriately treated in program SMOOTH and the smoothed coordinates were saved, the difference between raw and smoothed values (use subtract function in DATA) can be analyzed essentially, Cusum now detects how well the smoothed trace represents the measurements. For example, if peak shapes are to be filtered (see data file SIMl.dat) and too wide a filter is used, the smoothed trace might cut comers as a result, the Cusum trace will change slope twice, the Cusum trace can be shifted vertically, and an expansion factor can be chosen. Ordinate rescaling is done automatically. 

Fig. 29. Absorption spectrum of Q-CdS at various time periods after preparation. 2 x 10 M CdS and 2 x 10 M Na5(POj)g. Spectra shifted in vertical direction, zero line indicated on the right ordinate axis...

Figure 3 shows a graphical solution to both the °Th age equation (Eqn. 1) and the initial equation (Eqn. 2). Plotted on the ordinate and abscissa are the two measured quantities and [ °Th/ U]. Contoured with sub-vertical lines is one of the... 

Fig. 2. a) Symmetric (5) and antisymmetric (A) levels of trimethylene energy variation with increase of angle a (abscissa, degrees), b) The same for the oxyallyl radical. The vertical line is 1 eV on the energy ordinate scale. 

Fig. 8. a) Non-least-motion approach of two methylenes. The sequence 1-2—3 shows the mutual orientation of the two fragments with decreasing distance, b) Energy variation along the least-motion path (i) and along the least-energy path (2). The abscissa scale is the C-C distance (A). The vertical bar is 1 eV on the ordinate energy scale. 

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