Homogeneous sonochemistry

Sonochemistry can be roughly divided into categories based on the nature of the cavitation event homogeneous sonochemistry of hquids, heterogeneous sonochemistry of hquid—hquid or hquid—sohd systems, and sonocatalysis (which overlaps the first two) (12—15). In some cases, ultrasonic irradiation can increase reactivity by nearly a million-fold (16). Because cavitation can only occur in hquids, chemical reactions are not generaUy seen in the ultrasonic irradiation of sohds or sohd-gas systems. 

Homogeneous sonochemistry typically is not a very energy efficient process (although it can be mote efficient than photochemistry), whereas heterogeneous sonochemistry is several orders of magnitude better. Unlike photochemistry, whose energy inefficiency is inherent in the production of photons, ultrasound can be produced with neatly perfect efficiency from electric power. A primary limitation of sonochemistry remains the small fraction... 

Homogeneous Sonochemistry Bond Breaking and Radical Formation. The chemical effect of ultrasound on aqueous solutions have been studied for many years. The primary products are H2O2 there is strong evidence for various high-energy intermediates, including HO2,... 

Segebarth N, Eulaerts O, Kegelaers Y, Vandercammen J, Reisse J (2002) About the Janus double hom sonicator and its use in quantitative homogenous Sonochemistry. Ultrason... 

Since the ultrasonic radiating surface is not in direct contact with the reaction solution, the acoustic intensities are much lower than those of the direct immersion horn, and so homogeneous sonochemistry is often quite sluggish. On the other hand, there is no possibility of contamination from erosion of the titanium horn. 

Homogeneous Sonochemistry Bond Breaking and Radical Formation 735... 

Sonoluminescence in general may be considered a special case of homogeneous sonochemistry however, recent discoveries in this field have heightened interest in the phenomenon in and by itself.11,12 Under conditions where an isolated, single bubble undergoes cavitation, recent studies on the duration of the sonoluminescence flash suggest that a shock wave may be created within... 

Homogeneous sonochemistry In the case of volatile molecules, the bubbles (or cavities) are believed to act as a microreactor as the volatile molecules enter, the microbubbles and the high temperature and pressure produced during cavitation break their chemical bonds, and short-lived chemical species... 

Suslick has pubUshed a rough comparison between typical sonochemical and photochemical efficiencies which demonstrates that homogeneous sonochemistry is typically more efficient than photochemistry and that heterogeneous sonochemistry is several orders of magnitude better [3] (Table 2). 

Homogeneous sonochemistry The use of high-intensity sound or ultrasound to alter chemical reactions in a single liquid. 

Homogeneous sonochemistry typically is not a very energy efficient process, whereas heterogeneous... 

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