Homogeneous catalysis molecular hydrogen

This section deals with homogeneous catalysis of hydrogenation reactions, both by direct reaction with molecular hydrogen or by hydrogen transfer from some other compound. 

In homogeneous catalysis, hydrogenation refers to the addition of one or more hydrogen molecules into a substrate under the action of a homogeneous catalyst. When using molecular hydrogen... 

Keywords Homogeneous Catalysis Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Polymerization Hydrogenation Dihydroxylation... 

It is mostly complexes of ruthenium and rhodium that have been used to conduct hydrogenation reactions in ionic liquids and little attention has so far been paid to modifying the employed catalysts to improve their performance in the ionic environment. The majority of the catalysts used are identical to those employed in conventional homogeneous catalysis conducted in molecular solvents like, for example, RhCl(PPh3)3 and RuCl2(PPh3)3. 

Continuous homogeneous catalysis is achieved by membrane filtration, which separates the polymeric catalyst from low molecular weight solvent and products. Hydrogenation of 1-pentene with the soluble pofymer-attached Wilkinson catalyst affords n-pentane in quantitative yield A variety of other catalysts have been attached to functionalized polystyrenes Besides linear polystyrenes, poly(ethylene glycol)s, polyvinylpyrrolidinones and poly(vinyl chloride)s have been used for the liquid-phase catalysis. Instead of membrane filtration for separating the polymer-bound catalyst, selective precipitation has been found to be very effective. In all... 

Hydroformylation is an industrially important carbonylation process that is used in the synthesis of aldehydes from olefins, CO and molecular hydrogen by homogeneous catalysis. Efficient catalyst recovery is crucial for the process to be economically viable. Pioneering work in fluorous chemistry was published in 1994 by Horvdth and Rabai, who studied the fluorous hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by an Rh complex with a fluorous phosphine as a ligand. ... 

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