Hollow network

Access to the third dimension via aluminosilicate frameworks, which comprise regular structured nanopores, has been suggested. These hollow networks house conducting polymer chains as wires and semiconductor dots to give a zeolite memory, with potentially 10 cross-points as storage elements, due to their bistable behavior, per cubic centimeter photochromic switches have also been incorporated into silica monoliths. 

Transactional Value-added Network Hollow Network... 

The hollow network becomes relevant in a highly volatile market, where the networked companies possess limited capabilities. They use other suppliers to perform functions in response to individual transactions. The network is similar to a virtual network, except that it is difficult to develop collaboration among suppliers. This is common in the software industry where technical specialists are contracted to perform structured tasks for limited durations. Cravens et al. (1996) discuss the case of The Registry Inc. It maintains a database of 50,000 technical specialists who can be used on a contract basis. 

Characteristics Responsive network Hollow network Virtual network Value-added network... 

Hollow carbon nanostructures are exciting new systems for research and for the design of potential nano-electronic devices. Their atomic structures are closely related to their outer shapes and are described by hex-agonal/pentagonal network configttrations. The surfaces of such structures are atomically smooth and perfect. The most prominent of these objects are ftil-lerenes and nanotubesjl]. Other such novel structures are carbon onions[2] and nanocones[3]. 

In contrast to carbon, which forms structures derived from both sp2 and sp3 bonds, silicon is unable to form sp2 related structures. Since one out of four sp3 bonds of a given atom is pointing out of the cage, the most stable fullerene-like structure in this case is a network of connected cages. This kind of network is realized in alkali metal doped silicon clathrate (19), which were identified to have a connected fullerene-like structure (20). In these compounds, Si polyhe-dra of 12 five-fold rings and 2 or 4 more six-fold rings share faces, and form a network of hollow cage structures, which can accommodate endohedral metal atoms. Recently, the clathrate compound (Na,Ba), has been synthesized and demonstrated a transition into a superconductor at 4 K (21). The electronic structure of these compounds is drastically different from that of sp3 Si solid (22). 

Interpellet porosity, 25 294 Interpenetrated wall matrix, in hollow-fiber membranes, 76 15 Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), 79 834... 

Membrane module network design, in reverse osmosis, 21 666 Membrane modules, 15 818-824 21 636 hollow-fiber, 15 819-821, 823 plate-and-frame, 15 821 selecting, 15 821-824 spiral-wound, 15 818-819, 823-824 tubular, 15 821... 

The wall of the BASYC tubes consists of BC loaded with water in the nanofiber network up to 99%. The hollow space of the material transports water, monovalent ions and small molecules, but not biopolymers or corpuscular blood constituents. The stored water not only stabilizes the cellulose network, but also contributes to the tissue- and hemocompatibility of the nanocellulose device. 

As will be shown, model systems for cells employing lipids or composed of polymers have been in existence for some time. Model systems for coccolith-type structures are well known on the nanoscale in inorganic and materials chemistry. Indeed, many complex metal oxides crystallize into approximations of spherical networks. Often, though, the spherical motif interpenetrates other spheres making the formation of discrete spheres rare. Inorganic clusters such as quantum dots may appear as microscopic spheres, particularly when visualized by scanning electron microscopy, but they are not hollow, nor do they contain voids that would be of value as sites for molecular recognition. All these examples have the outward appearance of cells but not all function as capsules for host molecules. 

Similar attempts to minimize surface energy are also seen throughout the natural world, from water drops to cells, and in the chemical world where fullerenes and boranes, capsular compounds formed of boron hydride networks, both form hollow shells. 

LANPAC (Fig. 6.4/). This packing has a hollow polyhedron shapn. constructed on an intricate network of ribe, filaments, rods, struts, aai pointed fingers, all cross-linked and uniformly spaced throughout am... 

Figure 3 Schematic representation of the formation of inclusion complexes based on the recognition of a guest molecule by a host receptor (a), of a clathrate based on the inclusion of guest molecules within cavities generated upon packing of clathrands in the solid state (b), and of a 1-D inclusion molecular network named koilate formed through interconnection of hollow tectons (koilands) by connector molecules (c).

Bone is the hard material that forms the skeleton of most vertebrate animals. It consists of a network of collagen fibres impregnated with mineral salts, mostly calcium phosphate. Bone varies in strength and can be as tough as reinforced concrete. Most bones are hollow, the cavity being filled with soft, spongy material. The solid part is interspersed by Haversian canals, which are tiny canals carrying blood, nerves and lymphatics. 

All proteins of the cell are synthesiaed on structures called ribosomes. The proteins of the cytoplasm are synthesized on ribosomes that float free in the cytoplasm, whereas diose of the plasma membrane are synthesized on ribosomes that bind to the outside of the endoplasmic neticuliim (ER), a network of interconnected tubules in the cytoplasm resembling a nest of hollow rtoodles. During polymerization of the amino adds, a nascent protein is driven into the ER. From there it is shunted into secretory vesicles, some of which irisert proteins into the FM, while others deliver different proteins to the outside of the cell (into the extraoellular fluid). 

Imagine a network model of the diamond structure (Fig. 1.17(e)), blue lattice), constructed from rubber tubes. Now inflate the network, swelling the hollow tubes. The resulting structure is a curved continuous network, enclosing the tunnels in the diamond network. If the inflation procedure is continued, the surface closes up around a complementary diamond network. The D-surface is the "half-way point" during the procedure. 

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