Historical references

Annison E F and Brydon W L 1998 Perspectives of ruminant nutrition and metabolism. 1. Metabolism in the mmen. Nutrition Research Reviews 11 173-98. 

Church D C 1976 Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants, Vol. 1. Digestive Physiology, 2nd edn, Corvallis, OR, O and B Books. 

Cronje P 2000 Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction, Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, WaWingiord, UK, CABI. [See also other volumes in this series.] 

Czerkawski JW 1986 An Introduction to Rumen Studies, Oxford, Pergamon Press. 

Forbes J M and France J (eds) 1993 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism,Wa ingk)rd, UK, CABI. 

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An early observation that 2 -d-3 -AMP was a more potent inhibitor of adenylyl cyclases than 2 -d-Ado suggested that the enzyme would accept substitutions at the 3 -ribose position and that phosphate was particularly well tolerated. This led to the generation of a family of 3 -phosphoryl derivatives of 2, 5 -dideoxyadenosine exhibiting ever greater inhibition with the addition of an increasing number of 3 -phosphoryl groups, the most potent of which is 2, 5 -dideoxyadenosine-3 -tetraphosphate (2, 5 -dd-3 -A4P Table 4) [5]. These constitute a class of inhibitors historically referred to as P -site ligands that caused inhibition of adenylyl... 

Infective endocarditis Historically referred to as bacterial endocarditis, this is an infection, either acute or subacute, that primarily affects the heart valves, but may extend into other surrounding areas of the heart. 

A short introduction to cytochrome P450cam is needed. The term P450 historically refers to the pigment obtained by reduction of the involved... 

Though CGMP validations require certain inputs from a quality department, this is not the quality referenced here. Good validations improve quality. Good validations result in quality. A good validation is quality. For example, a good validation will represent a snapshot about the process or equipment. Typically such a validation will have elements of process/product updates or historical references for the item that has been validated, therefore the package(s) that have been assembled have to possess a certain level of quality if the validation is successful. 

Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) is caused by a red-tide producer that was first identified in 1880 from Florida, with earlier historical references. It causes sickness in humans lasting several days. NSP is not fatal to humans however, it is known to kill fish, invertebrates, seabirds, and marine mammals (e.g., manatees). It is caused by the brevetoxin family (brevetoxin + 10 related compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis a.k.a. Gymnodinium breve. The main contamination problems include oysters, clams, and other filter feeders of the Gulf of Mexico and southeast Atlantic, including North Carolina. 

Optical brightening was discovered in 1929 by P. Krais [22], The whiteness of viscose rayon and semibleached flax yam was increased by treatment with an aqueous solution of esculin (1) [531-75-9] and drying. Krais recognized that this effect was due to the strong blue fluorescence of esculin, a 3-D-glucoside of 6,7-dihy-droxycoumarin that is obtained by extracting horse chestnut bark. (For historical references, see [23].)... 

Erowid Note Please note that this document is archived for historical reference purposes and its information should be checked against other, more up-to-date sources. 

Historic references to Bacon s cell are given in Chapter 1. In the case of the sulphuric acid cell some UK work at Cambridge University and ENECO extends the original efforts of Shell in the 1960s. All such systems are incomplete and the author is not moved to include such ephemeral items in his limited review. 

In this article, we provide a brief overview of the fundamental aspects of amyloids by focusing on the common features of amyloid fibrils, which include their mechanisms of formation and their cytoxicity. From the vast and ever-growing amyloid hterature, we cite several key papers and some interesting historical references, and we provide citations to several recent review articles. 

Unfortunately, for this study, the authors used male controls as an historic reference population. 

Although not applicable to coconut oil, a brief description of the first method is included for historical reference brief descriptions of the second and sixth methods are also included. The third and fourth methods use raw materials of petrochemical origin and will not be discussed here. However, it should be mentioned again that approximately 50% of the world s supply of fatty alcohols is produced from these two methods. A more detailed discussion of the fifth method is given later. 

Occasional historical references to what we now call menopause and therapy for the condition can be found, such as the reference to hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms in the 1628 book. The Anatomy of Melancholy by Robert Burton. A 1675 account described a cooling diet for menopause. In 1701, physician Thomas Sydenham described the tendency of women ages 45-50 to develop hysterick fits, and suggested blood letting as therapy. 

Kohnen and Oswald conducted a study on the effects of valerian, propranolol, and combinations on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stressor conditions. The results of this study were equivocal and published over 15 years ago however, it is mentioned here for historical reference (29). 

The plant s level of activity was determined by the choice of an activity indicator and a historic reference period over which the indicator was to be quantified. 

The choice of a fixed historical reference period to describe plant production levels turned out to be inappropriate in a number of cases including plant opening, production halts longer than a year due to special circumstances (e.g. the intervention of public authorities, ownership disputes) and significant structural interventions on the installation s technical layout. Redefining the historical reference period easily solved the first two cases for new plants the reference... 

Contours are in total dissolved solids, g/kg. Abbreviations for wells are as in Fig. 1. Stratigraphic intervals are NEO—HOL — Neogene— Holocene EO—OL/GO = Oligocene and Eocene PALEO. = Paleocene UK = Upper Cretaceous LK = units historically referred to as being Lower Cretaceous DEV. MET. = Devonian metamorphic rocks PALEOZ. MET. = Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks. Partial limestone symbols in Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene strata represent marls and some evaporitic (anhydritic) sediments. The Neogene—-Holocene section is variable but is predominantly of clastic lithology. 

This process, historically referred to as hydrolysis because it can proceed even from the weak dissociation reaction of water molecules, causes a marked rise in the solution pH. To avoid confusion with more appropriate usage of the term hydrolysis, exchange reactions involving protons generated from water or carbonic acid and producing alkalinity in solution will be referred to as hydrolytic exchange. 

When silicone adhesives react with air moisture they are called RTV-1 silicone adhesives (RTV room temperature vulcanization). The RTV adhesives have a rubber-Uke character. The term vulcanization is not technically correct, but is rather an historical reference. Silicones are elastomers and were at first crosslinked like other elastomers, albeit not with sulfur. In the integrated state, silicones contain blocked crosslinking agents that lose their blocking function upon contact with moisture. There are various different types of crosslinking agents with different... 

The micromechanical equations of Halpin and Kardos [8,9] (historically referred to as the Halpin-Tsai equations) and of Chow [5] are particularly useful and versatile. The Halpin-Tsai equations have the advantage of simplicity. See Equation 20.1 for the lamellar fiber-reinforced matrix model , one of several useful forms in which these equations have been expressed. Af... 

Bipolar disorders A group of mental disorders historically referred to as manic depression or bipolar affective disorder, characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood. There are three major diagnoses that fall in this area, bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymia. 

Basic, simple definitions of new words. No long, complicated historical references, just the meaning you need to use a word correctly. 

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