Histoiy

Values of critical moisture contents for some representative materials are given in Table 12-7 for diying by cross circulation and in Table 12-15 for diying by through circulation. The tabulated values are only approximate, since critic moisture content depends on the drying histoiy. It appears that the constant-rate period ends when the moisture content at the surface reaches a specific value. Since the critical... 

Brief Examples Microfiltration is the oldest and largest membrane field. It was important economically when other disciphnes were struggling for acceptance, yet because of its incredible diversity and lack of large apphcations, it is the most difficult to categorize. Nonetheless, it has had greater membrane sales than all other membrane applications combined throughout most of its histoiy. The early... 

The three vertices are the operating plant, the plant data, and the plant model. The plant produces a product. The data and their uncertainties provide the histoiy of plant operation. The model along with values of the model parameters can be used for troubleshooting, fault detection, design, and/or plant control. 

History The histoiy of a plant forms the basis for fault detection. Fault detection is a monitoring activity to identify deteriorating operations, such as deteriorating instrument readings, catalyst usage, and energy performance. The plant data form a database of historical performance that can be used to identify problems as they form. Monitoring of the measurements and estimated model parameters are typic fault-detection activities. 

A toller with a good histoiy of HS E performance is able to obtain advantageous insurance rates and expends less of their revenue on legal problems, thus helping with their potential for cost competitiveness in the final bid. A toller in good financial standing is more likely to expend capital to install adequate safeguards. 

Phenolic resins some chemistry, technology, and histoiy... 

Typical events that are considered are fire, explosion, ship collision, and the failure of pressurized storage vessels for which historical data established the failure frequencies. Assessment of consequences was based partly on conservative treatment of past experience. For example ilic assessment of the number of casualties from the release of a toxic material was based on past histoiy conditioned by knowledge of the toxicology and the prevailing weather conditions. An altemati. e used fault trees to estimate probabilities and identify the consequences. Credit is taken in this process for preventative measures in design, operation, and maintenance procedures. Historical data provide reliability expected from plant components and humans. 

Harvey, E. N. (1957). A Histoiy of Luminescence from the Eai Iiest times Until 1900. Philadelphia American Philosophical Society. 

Lntts, R. H. (1985). Chemical Fallout Rachel Carson s Silent Spring, Radioactive Fallout and the Environmental Movement. Environmental Histoiy Review 9 210—225. 

This article begins with a description of how hydroelectricity works, from the beginning of the hydrological cycle to the point at which electricity is transmitted to homes and businesses. The histoiy of the dam is outlined and how dams evolved from structures used for providing a fresh water supply to irrigation and finally to providing electricity. The histoiy of hydropower is considered and the different hydroelectric. systems (i.e., conventional, run-of-... 

Steffens, H. J. (1979). Janies fh-escott Joule and the Development ot the Concept of Energy. New York Science Histoiy Publications. 

The histoiy of the origin of simple machines is largely conjectural, but there also exists documeiitatioii of the ancient Egyptians using simple machines to build pyramids nearly 5,000 years ago. An inscription in a 4,000-year-old tomb tells of 2,000 men pulling a statue estimated at 132 tons into place. The mass of the... 

Rosen, G. (1984). Thrusting Forward A Histoiy of the Propeller. Windsor Locks, CT United Technologies Coi"poration. 

Thurston, R. H. (1939). A Histoiy of the Growth of the Steam Engine. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press... 

Andrei Sukharov Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights. American Institute of Physics. Niels Bohr Library. August 1, 2000 . 

The practical, if limited, use of Saveiy s incrementally successful efforts were permanently inscribed in histoiy, as highly important advancements of his time. 

Watkins, G. (1979). The Steam Engine in Histoiy. Derbyshire, Eng. Moorland. 

Sternberg, E. R. (1981). A Histoiy of Motor Truck Development. Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers. 

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