Histiocytosis

Down s syndrome Bloom s syndrome Fanconi s anemia Klinefelter s syndrome Ataxia telangiectasia Langerhans cell histiocytosis Shwachman s syndrome Severe combined... 

Pituitary failure (secondary hypothyroidism) is an uncommon cause resulting from pituitary tumors, surgical therapy, external pituitary radiation, postpartum pituitary necrosis, metastatic tumors, tuberculosis, histiocytosis, and autoimmune mechanisms. 

Acute exposure of rats to high concentrations (up to 40,000 ppm) has resulted in convulsions, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, and death. In rats repeatedly exposed at 600 ppm, death was attributed to renal papillary necrosis renal toxicity was not present in rabbits similarly exposed. Exposure of rabbits to 300 or 600 ppm resulted in convulsions and hyperactivity, moderate inflammation of nasal tissues, and some inflammation of the trachea or bronchi. Subchronic studies found that rats exposed at 3 00 ppm had mottled incisor teeth, minimal renal effects, pulmonary histiocytosis, inflammation of nasal tissues, and cerebral vacuolation. 

WARNING Chemo agent handle w/ caution Uses Hodgkin Dz NHLs, mycosis fungoides, CAs (testis, renal cell, breast, NSCLC), AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, choriocarcinoma, histiocytosis Action X Microtubule assembly Dose 0.1-0.5 mg/kg/wk (4-20 mg/m ) X in hepatic failure Caution [D, ] Contra IT use Disp Inj SE i BM (esp leukopenia), NA, constipation, neurotox, alopecia, rash, myalgia, tumor pain Interactions T Effects W/ erythromycin, itraconazole X effects W/ glutamic acid, tryptophan X effects OF phenytoin EMS T Risk of... 

Franz, T., Lohler, J., Fusco, A., Pragnell, I. B., Nobis, P., Padua, R., et al. (1985) Transformation of mononuclear phagocytes in vivo and malignant histiocytosis caused by a novel murine spleen focus-forming virus. Nature 315,149-151. 

Sclerosing cholangitis in childhood is rare it may overlap with autoimmune liver disease and may be secondary, for example, to Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 

Felty s syndrome, lupus erythematosus, Reiter s disease, Still s disease, Wegener s disease, histiocytosis, etc. 

The causes of peliosis hepatis are varied and include anabolic or androgenic steroids, oestrogens (52), azathio-prine, arsenic, vinyl chloride, tamoxifen and danazol as well as tuberculosis, histiocytosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, carcinoma, sprue, liver abscess, cytomegalovirus infection, glycogenosis (type I) (14) and marasmus. (46) Congenital (angiomatous) abnormality of the vessels may also be a contributory factor. (5) The respective development of peliosis hepatis is still unclear. 

Malignant diseases Histiocytosis X and Hodgkin s disease (but not NHL) have been identified as causing ductopenia. 

Histiocytosis X is considered to be a form of reticulosis because of the proliferation and aggregation of Langer-hans cells in the RES. These cells contain so-called Bir-beck granules and the neural-specific protein S-100. The involvement of the liver and spleen (which is not evident in every case) becomes visible as hepatosplenomegaly. In most cases, there are diffuse, sinusoidal infiltrations consisting of large, mostly multinucleated, atypical his-... 

Fig. 38.13 Histiocytosis X distinct portal inflammation, periductal infiltration by Langhans cells simulating cholangitis ( f )...

R.L. Portal l pertension in infants and children with histiocytosis X. Amer. X Surg. 1976 131 108-113... 

Kaplan, K.J., Goodman, ZJ)., Ishak, K.G. Liver involvement in Lan-gerhans cell histiocytosis a study of nine cases. Mod. Pathol. 1999 12 370- 378... 

Lichtenstein, L. Histiocytosis X integration of eosinophilic granuloma of bone Letterer-Siwe disease and Schiiller-Christian disease as related manifestations of a single nosologic entity. Arch. Path. 1953 56 84-102... 

Vogel, J.M., Vogel, R Idiopathic histiocytosis a discussion of eosinophilic granuloma, the Hand-Schiiller-Christian syndrome and the Letterer-Siwe syndrome. Semin. Hematol. 1972 9 349 - 369... 

Warnke, R.A., Kim, H., Dorfman, R.F. Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis). I. Clinicopathological study of 29 cases. Cancer 1975 35 215-230... 

Yagita, K., Iwai, M., Yagita-Toguri, M., Kimura, H. Taniwaki, M., Misawa, S., Okanoue, T., Kashima, K., Tsuchihashi, Y. Langerhans ceU histiocytosis of an adult with tumors in liver and spleen. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2001 48 581 -584... 

Zandi, R, Panis, Y., Debray, D., Bernard, O., Houssin, D. Paediatric liver transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hepatology 1995 21 129-133... 

Cases of fatal histiocytosis have been reported in babies with immune defects immunized with BCG shortly after birth (84). 

One boy who had been immunized shortly after birth developed ipsilateral axillary lymphoma at the age of 6 months. Microscopically the picture was typical of BCG histiocytosis. The child survived. The underlying immunological disturbance was considered to be a temporary derangement of T lymphocyte function (SEDA-8, 300) (85). 

Sukpanichnant S, Hargrove NS, Kachintorn U, Manatsathit S, Chanchairujira T, Siritanaratkul N, Akaraviputh T, Thakerngpol K. Clofazimine-induced crystal-storing histiocytosis producing chronic abdominal pain in a leprosy patient. Am J Surg Pathol 2000 24(l) 129-35. 

There has been one case of bone marrow histiocytosis in a patient treated with interleukin-3 for refractory aplastic anemia (SED-13,1109). 

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