Wet granulation high-shear

In spite of numerous granulation options available to a formulator, high-shear wet granulation remains the method of choice. 

Binder addition as solution or granulating liquid Wetting of powckr and nucleation Growth of granules and densification of the powder 

Granule attrition and breakage reduce the granule size. Granule breakage is determined by the dynamic granule strength and the shear forces within the 

The moist agglomerates can exist in the following three states, based on the amount of the liquid they contain the pendular state, the funicular state, and the capillary state. The three states can be distinguished by the relative hquid saturation of the pores S, which is the ratio of pore volume occupied by the liquid to the total volume of the pores available in the agglomerate. 

Agglomerates are in the pendular state when the liquid saturation of the pores S 25% in the funicular state when S is between 25% and 80% and in the capillary state when S 80 /o. The liquid saturation S is determined by the amount of binder solution and the intragranular porosity, which can be calculated based on the following equation (17)  

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In 2005, Rantanen et al. used on-line NIRS to monitor a laboratory-scale high shear wet granulation process. The study was a central-composite circumscribed design consisting of 17 runs and 3 variables ... 

Why was high shear wet granulation used instead of dry granulation ... 

Badawy SF, Hussain MA. 2004. Effect of starting material particle size on its agglomeration behavior in high shear wet granulation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 5(3) Article 38. 

Sheskey, P. J., and Williams, D. M. (1996), Comparison of low-shear and high-shear wet granulation techniques and the influence of percent water addition in the preparation of a controlled-release matrix tablet containing HPMC and a high-dose, highly water-soluble drug, Pharm. Technol., 20, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92. 

Royce, A. Mecadon, M. Holinej, J. Karnachi, A. Valazza, S. Wei, W. Process control and scale-up of high shear wet granulation. J. Process Anal. Tech. 2005, 2 (2)March/April, 8-16. 

Enteric acrylic polymers were used as binders in high-shear wet granulation in order to target the colon and prevent drug from being released in the small intestine. Twenty percent ethanolic solutions of each of the following pH-dependent methacrylate... 

Pepin Blanchon S, Couairaze G. Power consumption profiles in high shear wet granulation. Part 1. Liquid distribution in relation to powder and binder properties. J Pharm Sci 2001 9(XMar) 322-3 . 

A high-shear wet-granulation process includes the following steps ... 

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