High-risk compounds

GLI values less than —0.5 indicate low-risk compounds, values between —0.5 and 1 medium-risk compounds, and values greater than 1 high-risk compounds. 

Use dosimeters (if available) to measure the degree of exposure to high risk compounds (these could also be products sucdi as alkyl isocyanates). 

Regarding high risk compounds, make sure that excesses (and unreacted fractions) are decomposed in an appropriate manner. 

Regarding high risk compounds, clean all of the reaction equipment that may have become contaminated while it is still in the hood in no case remove the apparatus from the hood before decontamination of the high risk compounds. 

In contrast to the controlled use of these compounds in the neighborhood of farms and human habitation, they have sometimes been used in a less controlled way against rodents and vertebrate predators, which causes problems in conserved areas. In a number of conserved islands in New Zealand, for example, bait containing brodiphacoum has been used for rodent control, both at bait stations and by aerial distribution (Eason et al. 2002). In the latter case, poisoned bait is freely available, and herbivores and omnivores, as well as predators and scavengers are at high risk. This problem will be discussed further in Section 11.6. 

Their advantages are that they are simple to use and are transparent that is, the descriptors that best model the biological activity can be seen and— hopefully—understood. Their disadvantages are that they work best when restricted to congeneric series of compounds, they assume that the biological activity is a rectilinear function of each descriptor, and they can suffer from a high risk of chance correlations, especially when a large pool of descriptors is used. 

Nicholson, D. G. el al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 817 Attempts to dissolve bismuth and its alloys in hot perchloric acid carry a very high risk of explosion. At 110°C a dark brown coating is formed, and if left in contact with the acid (hot or cold), explosion occurs sooner or later. The same is true of antimony and its tervalent compounds. 

From the wide variety of emerging pollutants of industrial origin that could be considered here, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate esters (PE) are of especial relevance not only because of the high volumes produced and their widespread use, but also because of their demonstrated toxicity, particularly as endocrine disrupters. Both of them have been included in the final report of the European Commission toward the establishment of a priority list of endocrine disrupter chemicals, EDCs [3], and have been rated as of high risk of exposure for human and wildlife populations. Because of their structural characteristics these compounds cannot be included in any of the groups described above, so they will be described in this section (see Fig. 10). 

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