High-resolution characteristics

In an effort to improve PMMA s photosensitivity further, methyl methacrylate has been copolymerized with higher percentages of the a-keto-oxime methacrylate and terpolymerized with varying amounts of methacrylonitrile. The resulting effects on resist properties, e.g., sensitivity, contrast and resolution, and plasma resistance, are reported here. The terpolymers are up to 85 times more sensitive than PMMA, and retain its high resolution characteristics. 

The photosensitivity of PMMA is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of 10 to 40 mole% 3-oximino-2-butanone methacrylate. Terpolymerization with methacrylonitrile increases that sensitivity still further, P(M-OM-CN) (69 16 15) being 85 times more sensitive than PMMA on exposure to the full output of a 1000 watt mercury lamp. Upon addition of external sensitizers, this sensitivity may be increased by an additional factor of 2 to 3. The high resolution characteristics of PMMA have been retained and the polymers in question show good plasma resistance. 

The high-resolution characteristic of FT-ICR-MS and its potential in elucidating ion envelopes and isotope patterns of multiple-charge proteins in ESI mass spectra has stimulated the research into coupling of ESI and FT-ICR-MS. This in turn has stimulated further development of FT-ICR-MS as an MS tool (Ch. 2.4.6). 

Zhao Y, Tan HH and Zhang B (2002) A high-resolution characteristics-based implicit dual time-stepping VOF method for free surface flow simulation on unstructured grids. Journal of Computational Physics 183 233-273... 

Replacement of the organic solvent by D2O yielded multi-lamellar structures with no high resolution characteristics. Sonica-tion of these suspensions led to the formation of single bilayered vesicles which contained either A -THG or CBD. In these vesicles no signals from the cannabinoid protons could be detected at concentrations of A -THC or CBD twice as high as those for which PMR signals are easily determined in CDCl solution (Fig. IB). 

Although these aforementioned interactions obscure the important high-resolution characteristics of solid-state NMR spectra of powders such as chemical shift, these interactions could offer the information on the structure and bonding. Dipole-dipole interaction can yield information on internuclear distances and molecular geometries. CSA gives information on the coordination symmetry. Symmetry of the charge distribution around the nucleus may be derived from analysis of quadrupole interactions. Also, due to the sensitivity of the line shape of quadrupole nuclei (eg, H NMR line shape) to the molecular... 

The systems of such type have been developed of all last 10 years. We shall bring some characteristics of one of the last development within the framework of European BRITE project, carried out in LETT This 3D cone-beam tomograph is referred to as EVA Bench or Equipment for Voludensimetry Analysis. It is oriented on NDT of industrial products from ceramics and other composites. One of the main task of this tomograph is achievement of high resolution at study of whole internal volume of researched object. For test sample of the size 10mm spatial resolution in 50mm was obtained [14]. 

Sensitive parameters are necessary to compare several high resolution magnetic field sensors. Such parameters can be found with methods of signal theory for LTI-systems. The following chapter explains characteristic functions and operations of the signal analysis for linear local invariant systems and their use in non-destructive testing. 

The approach is ideally suited to the study of IVR on fast timescales, which is the most important primary process in imimolecular reactions. The application of high-resolution rovibrational overtone spectroscopy to this problem has been extensively demonstrated. Effective Hamiltonian analyses alone are insufficient, as has been demonstrated by explicit quantum dynamical models based on ab initio theory [95]. The fast IVR characteristic of the CH cliromophore in various molecular environments is probably the most comprehensively studied example of the kind [96] (see chapter A3.13). The importance of this question to chemical kinetics can perhaps best be illustrated with the following examples. The atom recombination reaction... 

Some X-ray photoelectron spectrometers are equipped with monochromators that can be used to remove unwanted radiation, such as the continuous radiation and even some of the weaker characteristic X-rays such as K<,3, K 4, Kas, and Ko,6, from the emission spectrum of the anode. A monochromator can also be used to resolve the K i,2 line into its two components K i and Ka2- Using a monochromator has at least two beneficial effects. It enables the narrow, intense K<, line to be used to excite spectra at very high resolution. A monochromator also prevents unnecessary radiation (continuous, K<,2, Ka3, K<,4, Kas, and Ka6) that might contribute to thermal or photochemical degradation from impinging on the sample. 

Each of the three fractions was applied to a combined SEC system of Fractogel/Superose to investigate their molecular characteristics in detail. These high resolution and mechanically stable gels allow the application of eluents with increased ionic strengths (e.g., 0.05 M KCl) at a reasonable resolution of sample components (Fig. 16.15). 

---