High reliability safety

Stopes-Heerlen Classification, 6 707t High reliability systems, for safety shutdowns, 20 671... 

NFPA 85, Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code, provides guidance for steam boilers and similar high reliability automatic combustion systems. In general, NFPA 85 combustion system control and safety instrumentation systems requirements exceed those defined in NFPA 86 and in API RP 556. 

Applications with special safety requirements demand highly reliable energy storage. Sueh applieations are UPS and x-by-wire systems. If one battery bank fails, system operation ean eontinue for a limited time with the remaining batteries. 

High-voltage safety considerations require that the architecture of parallel- and series-hybrid vehicles include an integral BMM such that the battery can be controlled from within the pack. This assumes that the battery will be of an advanced design, such as Ni-MH, where safety requires fast, reliable, and self-contained communication with the contactor and charger. 

Caution For safety procedures see Appendix 2. Compression of fluid media up to 600 GPa can be readily achieved with commercially available apparatus with high reliability. Above this pressure, the performance and lifetime of existing set-ups rapidly decrease with the maximum pressure. Compression of large volumes of fluid between 1.2 and 1.8 GPa should be performed only by experienced staff, even when using a commercial apparatus. 

The liquid phosgene product is sent directly to the downstream process without intermediate storage. Safety issues with storage of phosgene preclude holdup between process units and the high reliability of the phosgene process avoids the necessity for excess inventory [1]. 

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