High performance liquid chromatography Metals

Multi-element analyses involving solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have also been described. The extracts, containing metal-chelate complexes with sulphur-containing reagents, such as dithizone and diethyldithiocarbamate, were used directly for determination of the metals by HPLC.14... 

H. De Beer, Metal Speciation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, PhD. Thesis, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa (1993). 

Sample preparation for analysis by hyphenated methods requires some additional planning when compared to nonhyphenated methods. All steps, extraction, concentration, and final solvent selection must take into consideration and be compatible with all the components of the hyphenated instrumentation. For gas chromatographic methods, all the components in the mixture must be in the gaseous state. For liquid chromatography (LC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the samples of the analytes of interest can be solids or liquids, neutral or charged molecules, or ions, but they must be in solution. If the follow-on analysis is by MS, then each of the analytes may require a different method of introduction into the MS. Metals and metal ions may be introduced by HPLC if they are in solution but commonly are introduced via AAS or inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Other analytes may be directly introduced from HPLC to MS [2],... 

Cloud point extraction has been applied to the separation and preconcentration of analytes including metal ions, pesticides, fungicides, and proteins from different matrices prior to the determination of the analyte by techniques such as atomic absorption, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, etc. 

Konetschny-Rapp S, Huschka HG, Winkehnann G, Jung G (1988) High-performance Liquid Chromatography of Siderophores from Fungi. Biol Metals 1 9... 

Ishii, D., Hirose, A., Hibi, K., and Iwasaki, Y., Studies on micro high-performance liquid chromatography. 5. Design of a microscale liquid chromatograph and its application to cation-exchange separation of alkali-metals. Journal of Chromatography 157(Sep), 43-50,1978. 

Krull, I. S. Trace metal analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, in Liquid chromatography in Environmental Analysis (ed.) Lawrence, J. F., p. 169, Clifton, New Jersey, The Humana Press, Inc. 1984... 

Mackey, D.3., 1983b. Metal-organic complexes in seawater- an investigation of naturally occurring complexes of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ni, Cr, Mn and Cd using high performance liquid chromatography with atomic fluorescence detection. Mar. Chem., 13 169-180. 

One of the most powerful separation techniques available is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6], It has a broad range of applicability which also encompasses non-volatile substances such as ionic compounds (e.g. amino acids, proteins, metal complexes) or high-molecular weight compounds, such as... 

Nowack et al. [263] determined adsorbed iron III- and nickel-EDTA species in soil by reverse-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Iron III-EDTA was found to be the main species present, occurring at 30-70%, while nickel-EDTA species were present in considerably lower amounts (<10%). The adsorbed metal-EDTA species were detected in lake sediment and soil cores. 

Shi, Z. and Fu, C. (1997) Porphyrins as Ligands for Trace Metal Analysis by High-performance Liquid Chromatography, Talanta 44, 593-604. 

Diemer, J. and Heumann, K.G. (1997) Bromide/bromate speciation by NTI-IDMS and ICP-MS coupled with ion exchange chromatography. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 357,74-79. Duan, YX., Wu, M., Jin, Q.H. and Hieftje, G.M. (1995) Vapour generation of nonmetals coupled to microwave plasma-torch mass-spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B, 50,355-368. Ebdon, L., Hill, S. and Jones, R (1987) Interface system for directly coupled high performance liquid chromatography-flame atomic absorption spectrometry for trace metal determination./. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2, 205-210. 

Rottmann, L. and Heumann, K.G. (1994) Determination of heavy metal interactions with dissolved organic materials in natural aquatic systems by coupling a high-performance liquid chromatography system with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 66, 3709—3715. 

E. Grushka and R. Lesham, The use of eluents containing metal cations in high performance liquid chromatography, TRACS, 1 95 (1981). 

Shih and Carr [277,278] showed that metal complexes of bis(/ -butyl-2-naphthyl-methyldithiocarbamate) are thermodynamically stable and chemically inert and that the nickel(II), iron(III), copper(II) and mercury (II) complexes of this dithiocarbamate can be separated by high performance liquid chromatography and detected with a variable wavelength detector. 

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