High-performance liquid chromatography chlorination

Verzegnassi, L., Riffe-Charlard, C., and Gillaqar, F.O. 2000. Rapid identification of Mg-chelated chlorins by on-line high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical... 

Again, as in the case of chlorinated insecticides, gas chromatography is the method of choice for the determination of carbamate insecticides (Table 4.4). High-performance liquid chromatography has been used more recently. 

Popp P, Keil P, Moeder M, et al. 1997. Application of accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in solid wastes. Journal of Chromatography A 774(l-2) 203-211. 

Ryan JJ, Pilon JC. 1980. High-performance liquid chromatography in the analysis of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofiirans in chicken liver and wood shaving samples. J Chromatogr 197 171-180. 

De Ruiter et al. [4] observed that photochemical decomposition by ultraviolet irradiation of dansyl derivatives of chlorinated phenolic compounds in methanol-water mixtures led to the formation of highly fluorescent dansyl-OH and dansyl-OH3 species. The optimal irradiation time was 5.5s. This reaction was utilised in a post-column photochemical reactor in the high performance liquid chromatography determination of highly chlorinated phenols in river water. The method calibration curve (for dansylated pentachlorophenol) was linear over three orders of magnitude. 

Ugland, K., Lundanes, E., Greibrok, T., Bjoseth, A. (1981) Determination of chlorinated phenols by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 213, 83-90. 

Analysis of Chlorinated Herbicides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry... 

A method that uses high performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the analysis of chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides is described. During method development different techniques were used to increase both the sensitivity and the specificity of thermospray HPLC/MS for chlorinated acid herbicides. These included the operation of the instrument in the negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode initiated by discharge and the use of a wire-repeller in the ion source for efficient extraction of positive ions. Single quadrupole repeller-induced and multiple quadrupole collision activated dissociation (CAD) experiments were also performed to increase the structural information of the mass spectra. 

Oyler AR, Bodenner DL, Welch KJ, et al. 1978. Determination of aqueous chlorination reaction products of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography-gaschromatography. Anal Chem 50 837-842. 

Brueggeman, E., J. E. Wajon, C. W. R. Wade, and E. P. Burrows. 1982. Analysis of unquenched mixtures of chlorine dioxide and phenols by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 237 484-488. 

Chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite have also been determined simultaneously in aqueous samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. The analytes are first separated on an anion-exchange column. After separation, a postcolumn reaction with 4-aminoantipyrine (5), and phenol is carried out, forming a chromogenic substance that absorbs at 503 nm through an oxidation-condensation reaction. 

Sun Y, Wada M, Al-Dirbashi O, Kuroda N, Nakazawa H, Nakashima K. High-performance liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of bisphenol A migrated from polycarbonate baby bottles using 4-(4,5-diphenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chlorine as a label. J Chromatogr B 2000 749 49-56. 

These problems have been fully addressed in the context of high performance liquid chromatography, so almost any HPLC sales representative will be able to tell you what components are required for any particular application. For example, PEEK (polyether ether ketone) has excellent chemical resistance, is not particularly expensive, is flexible and is biocompatible. It is, therefore, suitable for flow tubing and other components that will come into contact vfith reagents. However, PEEK is attacked by some chemicals including concentrated acids, bromine, chlorine and fluorine. Titanium is a possibility for these sub-... 

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