High-Performance Liquid, and Thin-Layer Chromatography

Column, Flash, High-Performance Liquid, and Thin-Layer Chromatography... 

K. Kiozumi, T. Utamura, T. Kuroyanagi, S. Hirzukuri, and J. Abe, Analysis of branched Cyclodextrins by high-performance liquid and thin-layer chromatography, J. Chromatogr. 360 397-406 (1986). 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been by far the most important method for separating chlorophylls. Open column chromatography and thin layer chromatography are still used for clean-up procedures to isolate and separate carotenoids and other lipids from chlorophylls and for preparative applications, but both are losing importance for analytical purposes due to their low resolution and have been replaced by more effective techniques like solid phase, supercritical fluid extraction and counter current chromatography. The whole analysis should be as brief as possible, since each additional step is a potential source of epimers and allomers. 

The identification of the target colorant is done directly by UV-Vis spectrometry (if the colorant is unique) or by a previous separation from a mixture. The most available techniques are planar chromatography (paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography) and, especially, high performance liquid chromatography... 

Salvadori, M.C., Rieser, E.M., Ribeiro Neto, L.M., and Nascimmento, E.S., Determination of xanthines by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography in horse urine after ingestion of Guarana powder, Analyst, 119,2701,1994... 

Schulten, H.-R., and Soldati, F. (1981). Identification of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng in fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography by field desorption mass spectrometry, multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 212, 37-i9. 

Dissolution of the sample is the method required in a number of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques (e.g., UV-Vis spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)). Selection of the suitable solvent is essential... 

Kiffe, M., Jehle, A., and Ruembeli, R. (2003). Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and microplate scintillation counting for crop and animal metabolism studies A comparison with classical on-line and thin-layer chromatography radioactivity detection. Anal. Chem. 75 723-730. 

The principle methods used for the determination of triazine-type herbicides are gas chromatography (Table 4.6) and high-performance liquid chromatography (Table 4.7). Other methods that have been used include isota-choelectrophoresis [369], ELISA [370-375], spectrophotometry [376,377] and thin-layer chromatography [378] (Table 4.8). 

Kubota, T., Yamamoto, C., and Okamoto, Y. (2000) Tris(cyclohexylcarbamate)s of cellulose amylose as potential chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, /. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 4056-4059. 

Ozden, S., Ozden T., Attila, J., Kucukislamoglu, M., and Okatan, A. 1992. Isolation and identification via high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography of benzoxazolinone precursors from Consolida orientalis flowers. J. Chromatogr. 609, 402-406... 

Retention is measiued as either the retention time (Rt) or retention factor (Rf). Rt is used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography, whereas Rf is used in paper and thin-layer chromatography. Rf is calculated using the following formula ... 

The separation and identification of natural dyes from wool fibers using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromotog-raphy (HPLC) were performed on a C-18 column. Two isocratic four-solvent systems were developed on the basis of the Snyder solvent-selectivity triangle concept (1) 10% acetonitrile, 4% alcohol, and 2% tetrahydrofuran in 0.01 M acetic acid and (2)7% acetonitrile, 8% alcohol, and 5% tetrahydrofuran in 0.01 M acetic acid. Samples were also eluted in 30% acetonitrile. Spot tests and thin-layer chromatography were performed on all samples to confirm HPLC results. The systems also were found to be potentially useful in the identification of early synthetic dyes. A system of sample preparation that minimizes the reaction of samples was discussed. The application of this HPLC separation technique to samples from 20th century Caucasian rugs and American samples unearthed from the foundation of Mission San Jose was examined. 

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