High future research

The essential assumption of this manuscript is the existence of a constant variance of Gaussian errors along the trajectory. While we attempted to correlate the variance with the high frequency motions, many uncertainties and questions remain. These are topics for future research. 

In terms of activity there seems little to prevent some of these compounds finding a place in therapy, especially those such as SCH 29482, SUN 5555, and FCE 25199 which have oral absorption properties. However, as is the case for the carbapenems, some penems ate extensively metabolized by human renal dehydropeptidase-1 enzyme (144). Although no penem has received approval for clinical use as of this writing, expectations ate high that future research and development will change that. 

Of course, the term proven efficacy is central to any resource investment in this area. Basic information on time and dose responses in humans to complex foods rich in carotenoids (and other phytochemicals) is pitifully small. Much of our information is based upon inadequate databases derived from chemical analysis, in vitro models that have not been properly evaluated or validated, and short-term, high-dose human studies. Future research progress requires much more rigorous debate on the experimental systems employed... 

Protocols for rhizosphere sampling need to be developed. Upon quantifying processes at the rhizosphere level, we may find whether large or small rhizosphere volumes or high or low rates of exudation are plant-specific and how they will benefit plants. This is not clear as yet and is an area for future research. In addition, reliable methods that enable us to distinguish between dormant and active soil microbial biomass could represent the crucial step in order to mechanistically understand C and N flows among plants, soil, and microbes in the rhizosphere. 

The polyphosphazenes are high molecular weight polymers with a wide range of novel and potentially useful properties. The large number of different pendant groups with widely varied functionality which can be attached to the P-N backbone demonstrate the unusual molecular design potential of this class of polymers. Undoubtedly, some of these will hold promise for future research and development. 

The above achievements depend highly on both the recent advances in rational catalyst design with the aid of computational science represented by DFT calculations and the wide range of catalyst design possibilities that are afforded by FI catalysts. These possibilities are derived from the readily varied steric and electronic properties of the phenoxy-imine ligands. It is expected that future research on FI catalysts will provide opportunities to produce additional polyolefin-based materials with unique microstructures and a chance to study catalysis and mechanisms for olefin polymerization. 

In this paragraph it was demonstrated that Lewis acid catalysis can be extended to aqueous media. Although water is likely to alter the complexation step, the use of Lewis acids is not restricted to organic solvents. Most importantly, the advantageous effects of Lewis acid catalysis and water are often additive. Since the development of catalytic systems which are water-tolerant or even benefit from the presence of water is still in its infancy, these results are highly promising and open new avenues for future research. 

Our future research will lead to new types of hyperbranched polyesteramides. The ideas presented will enable properties such as water solubility (poly(ethyleneoxide) functional groups) or reduction of surface tension (fluoro-alkyl functionalized resins) to be precisely controlled. Last, but not least, mixed functional highly branched molecules with their (expected) unique set of combined properties have a huge potential to enter numerous technical fields. 

Desulfurization of fossil fuels was the subject of an authoritative review by J. B. Hyne (Alberta Sulphur Research Institute). This is a topic of increasing importance as Canada relies more and more on sulfur-containing fuels such as tar sands and heavy oils. Hyne reviewed the present state of the chemistry and technology for both precombustion desulfurization of natural gas and crude oils and postcombustion tailgas clean up of coals and cokes. He clearly identified areas of possible future research such as the high temperature-high pressure chemistry pertaining to in-situ desulfurization processes. 

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