High energy surfaces definition

Process intensification can be considered to be the use of measures to increase the volume-specific rates of reaction, heat transfer, and mass transfer and thus to enable the chemical system or catalyst to realize its full potential (2). Catalysis itself is an example of process intensification in its broadest sense. The use of special reaction media, such as ionic liquids or supercritical fluids, high-density energy sources, such as microwaves or ultrasonics, the exploitation of centrifugal fields, the use of microstructured reactors with very high specific surface areas, and the periodic reactor operation all fall under this definition of process intensification, and the list given is by no means exhaustive. 

For the same particles, the volume plasmon is located at very high energies (6-9 eV). The surface obviously plays a very important role for the observation of the surface plasmon resonance because it alters the boundary conditions for the polarizability of the metal and therefore shifts the resonance to optical frequencies. In this sense, the surface plasmon absorption is a small particle (or thin layer) effect but is definitely not a quantum size effect [14]. 

It can readily be shown (Davies Rideal 1963) that, provided the viscosity of the liquid is not very high, the surface tension is equal to the Helmholtz free energy per unit area of surface, and hence also has the equivalent dimensions of energy per unit area. From the definition of the Helmholtz free energy applied at the surface, it also is easily demonstrated that the surface tension decreases with increasing liquid temperature that is,... 

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