High-efficiency filters cooling water

High-efficiency filters (HEF) are pressure filters designed to remove turbidity and SDI in water. They were originally applied to cooling towers, to reduce the concentration of suspended solids in those systems. 

SPILL CLEAN-UP use water spray to cool and disperse vapors high efficiency particulate arrestor or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amount of carcinogen solvent extraction, chemical destruction, or specially designed incinerators may be used to decontaminate spills isolate and remove discharged material remove all sources of ignition. 

If the pump is a filter pump off a high-pressure water supply, its performance will be limited by the temperature of the water because the vapour pressure of water at 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° is 9.2, 12.8, 17.5 and 23.8 mm Hg respectively. The pressure can be measured with an ordinary manometer. For vacuums in the range lO" mm Hg to 10 mm Hg, rotary mechanical pumps (oil pumps) are used and the pressure can be measured with a Vacustat McLeod type gauge. If still higher vacuums are required, for example for high vacuum sublimations, a mercury diffusion pump is suitable. Such a pump can provide a vacuum up to 10" mm Hg. For better efficiencies, the pump can be backed up by a mechanical pump. In all cases, the mercury pump is connected to the distillation apparatus through several traps to remove mercury vapours. These traps may operate by chemical action, for example the use of sodium hydroxide pellets to react with acids, or by condensation, in which case empty tubes cooled in solid carbon dioxide-ethanol or liquid nitrogen (contained in wide-mouthed Dewar flasks) are used. 

---