Hertz. Gustav

Herman R.M., 274 Hermite Charles, 191 Herschbach Dudley R., 161, 212, 589, 707, 886 Hertz Gustav, 302 Herzberg Gerhard 259,... 

Franck and Gustav Hertz passed electrons through mercury vapor at low pressure to determine the minimum kinetic energy required to produce the excited state that emits ultraviolet light at 253.7 nm. What is that minimum kinetic energy What wavelength is associated with electrons of this energy ... 

For his experimental work on the photoelec hie effect, Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1923. Others whose contributions to the understanding of radiation led to Nobel Prizes in physics include Wilhelm Wien in 1911 for heat radiation laws, Planck in 1918 for the quantum concept, Johannes Stark in 1919 for spec rial properties, Einstein in 1921 in part for interpreting the photoelectric effect, Niels Bohr in 1922 for atomic radiation, James Franck and Gustav Hertz in 1925 for atom-electron interactions, and Wo If gang Pauli in 1945 for atomic properties. 

Nobel laureates James Franck, Gustav Hertz, and Otto Hahn, the future codiscoverer of nuclear fission. 

James Franck (1882-1964). German physicist and physical chemist. In addition to his work with Gustav Hertz confirming the existence of energy levels in atoms, he made numerous contributions to the field of photochemistry. He shared the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gustav Hertz. 

Gustav Hertz (1887-1975). German physicist. He made mmor a anc n thefield of gas-[4iase spectroscopy and in the separation of isotope 192 3>E Pri 3] lmiGlZ10iOQl h>r his... 

It is worth remembering that Haber was not alone in making scientific advances of military significance during his time. Gustav Hertz, James Franck and Otto Hahn, all important figures in the development of atomic and quantum theory, were members of Haber s research team working on chemical weapons. 

It should be noted that, during the atom bomb project, a number of German and Austrian scientists had been coerced (or volunteered) to assist in the development work. These included the Nobel Prize winner Gustav Ludwig Hertz (22 July 1887-30 October 1975), Baron Manfred von Ardeime (20 January 1907-26 May 1997), Peter Adolf Thiessen (6 April 1899-5 March 1990), Max Volmer (3 May 1885-3 Jtme 1965), Nikolaus Riehl (24 May 1901-2 August 1990), and Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905-13 November 1975). They were not released until 1953. Most famous of all, Max Volmer returned to the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and eventually became the President of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. 

While Volmer was not a follower of the Nazi system, and consequently e.g., his election to the Prussian Academy of Science was blocked, he had to spend 10 years in the Soviet Union after 1945. He was invited as several other German scientists to the USSR. He worked on deuterium production and nuclear waste processing in the research group of Gustav Hertz (1887-1975, Nobel prize 1925). As many other colleagues, he was released in 1955 and was permitted to return to GDR. He became professor of physical chemistry at Humboldt University (East-Berlin) and president of the East-German Academy of Sciences between 1956 and 1958. 

Fig. 2.4. Farewell party for James Franck, Berlin-Dahlem 1920. Left to right, seated Hertha Sponer, Albert Einstein, Ingrid Franck, James Franck, Lise Meitner, Fritz Haber, Otto Hahn Standing Walter Grotrian, Wilhelm Westphal, Otto von Baeyer, PeterPringsheim, Gustav Hertz.

Fig. 2.6. "Boss-free" colloquium held during Niels Bohr s visit to Berlin, April 1920. Left to Right Otto Stern, Wilhelm Lenz, James Franck, Rudolf Ladenburg, Paul Knipping, Niels Bohr, Ernst Wagner, Otto von Baeyer, Otto Hahn, George von Hevesy, Lise Meitner, Wilhelm Westphal, Hans Geiger, Gustav Hertz, Peter Pringsheim.

Eranck, Hertz, ZusammenstoBe] Franck, James/Gustav Hertz Uber Zusammen-stoBe zwischen Elektronen und den Molekiilen des Quecksilberdampfes und die lonisierungsspannung desselben, Verhandlungen der Deutschen physikalis-chen Gesellschaft 16 (1914), p. 457-467. 

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