Herbicide future developments

Although the effect of nutrients and classical toxicants (e.g. heavy metals, herbicides) is well known, that of the so-called non-PS in biofilms is still largely unknown. Furthermore, the combination of effects, which operate at the basin scale, requires complex approaches. Therefore, the response of biofilms to these situations should trigger the development of new applications and higher standardisation in the use of biofilms. The standardisation of methods and procedures is a challenge for the future research on the use of natural and laboratory biofilms. 

It is hoped that this book will serve not only as an update and expansion on the agricultural and environmental sciences of the triazine herbicides, but also as a model for the discovery, development, and extensive research needed for future classes of agricultural chemicals and technology. Among the topics it covers are ... 

Modem herbicides have revolutionized the efficient production of most agricultural crops, and they will continue to be essential in feeding our present and future population. Atrazine and the triazine herbicides are critical in the management of weeds resistant to alternative herbicides. We must continue to develop management strategies for triazines and other herbicides as essential tools for weed control in agricultural production. 

What do we see in the near future for herbicides Looking ahead five growing seasons to 1980, we see predictions of continued growth in herbicide sales and in research and development. 

Strategies used in biological control, its safety and barriers for development 2. Research opportunities for biological herbicides in weed control and selection of improved strains of biological control agents and 3. Future needs and direction in biological control of weeds. 

The study of the efficacy and behaviour of different products and their formulations has evolved through purely empirical field trials, into various controlled environment or laboratory screening methods, to more detailed fundamental and mechanistic studies, leading to the development of models for the processes of deposition, retention, uptake and translocation [3]. This overview will consider these processes, their limitations, and their future potential. Due to the fact that most studies have been with herbicides into plants, with little or no information on uptake of pesticides by insects or padiogens, the main focus will be on the uptake of herbicides into plant foliage. 

Although the objective was to compare results from EXAMS, the laboratory chamber, and field in this evaluation, the findings do allow for assessment of the relative importance of volatilization as a fate process for the three herbicides studied, showing clearly that volatilization rate decreases in the order molinate > thioben-carb > MCPA which is in agreement with the prediction based upon Henry s law constant. The ability of the model to generate data supporting the field measurement bodes well for the further use of such models in the future. In the case of volatilization, which is so difficult to measure experimentally, the availability of a predictive model would be a welcome development. 

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