Herbicide antifungal

Chorismate synthase (CS) catalyzes the formation of chorismate, the last step in the shikimate pathway. Chorismate is a branch-point metabolite used for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, p-aminobenzoic acid, folate, and other cyclic metabolites such as ubiquinone. The shikimate pathway is found only in plants, fungi, and bacteria, making the enzymes of the pathway potential targets for herbicides, antifungals, and antibiotics. 

Alky R R Antifungal activity defcilianis. herbicides, pesii-ades. miticides ]80.537 871 538.539... 

Although the antibacterial and antifungal activities of bialaphos and phosphinothricin were not found to be usehil, the two agents were later used as biodegradeable, relatively nonselective, postemergent herbicides. Glutamine synthetase inhibition is toxic to plants because the enzyme is key to ammonia assimilation. There is some selectivity for individual plant species as shown by the LD for bialaphos ranging from 0.125 to 8.5 kg/ha (301—303). 

This is a large subject that can only be dealt with in the barest outline in the present text. Many antibacterial and antifungal compounds have been discovered in microorganisms, and some of them have been successfully developed as antibiotics for use in human and veterinary medicine. They lie outside the scope of this book. A considerable number of other microbial compounds act as insecticides, acaricides, or herbicides, although few of them have been developed commercially (Copping and Menu 2000, Copping and Duke 2007). 

PCP is commonly used as a wood preservative having both antifungal and insecticide properties. It has also been used in a range of areas for antifungal, antibacterial, general herbicide, and slime prevention in both industrial and consumer applications. Chronic exposure to PCP has effects on the liver, kidneys, and immune system. PCP also has the potential to cause reproductive problems and has been listed as a probable carcinogen. 

Table 1. Bioactive fungal products from endophytic fungi in recent literature reviews. The compounds include antifungal, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antiviral, nematicidal, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, antioxidant, antiinsectant, antifeedant, antidiabetic, herbicidal, algicidal, specific en mie inhibitory, and immunomodulatory activities. 

Igarashi M, KinoshitaN, IkedaT, Kameda M, Hamada M, Takeuchi T (1997) Resormycin, a Novel Herbicidal and Antifungal Antibiotic Produced by a Strain of Streptomyces platensis I. Taxonomy, Production, Isolation and Biological Properties. J Antibiot 50 1020... 

Alky R R Antifungal activity defoliants, herbicides, pesticides. miticides 180. 53 87] 538. 539... 

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