Hepatitis pathophysiology

Patel, T. Apoptosis in hepatic pathophysiology. Clin. Liver Dis. 2000 4 295-317... 

Thus, GH pitlse responsiveness is in part determined by intrinsic sex-specific factors, which may resnlt from prior hormone exposme (epigenetic mechartisms) or genetic factors that are pituitary irrdependent and could contribute to sex differences in the predisposition to liver cancer or other hepatic pathophysiologies [125]. 

Yokoyama Y, Nimura Y, Nagino M, Bland KI, Chaudry IH (2005) Current understanding of gender dimorphism in hepatic pathophysiology. J Surg Res 128 147-156... 

Methods of detection, metabolism, and pathophysiology of the brevetoxins, PbTx-2 and PbTx-3, are summarized. Infrared spectroscopy and innovative chromatographic techniques were examined as methods for detection and structural analysis. Toxicokinetic and metabolic studies for in vivo and in vitro systems demonstrated hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion. An in vivo model of brevetoxin intoxication was developed in conscious tethered rats. Intravenous administration of toxin resulted in a precipitous decrease in body temperature and respiratory rate, as well as signs suggesting central nervous system involvement. A polyclonal antiserum against the brevetoxin polyether backbone was prepared a radioimmunoassay was developed with a sub-nanogram detection limit. This antiserum, when administered prophylactically, protected rats against the toxic effects of brevetoxin. 

The pathophysiologic mechanisms of portal hypertension and of cirrhosis itself are entwined with the mechanisms of ascites (Fig. 19-3). Cirrhotic changes and the subsequent decrease in synthetic function lead to a decrease in production of albumin (hypoalbuminemia). Albumin is the major intravascular protein involved in maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular system low serum albumin levels and increased capillary permeability allow fluid to leak from the vascular space into body tissues. This can result in peripheral edema, ascites, and fluid in the pulmonary system. The obstruction of hepatic sinusoids and... 

Zambon A, Hokanson JE, Brown BG, Brunzell JD. Evidence for a new pathophysiological mechanism for coronary artery disease regression hepatic lipase-mediated changes in LDL density. Circulation 1999 99 1959-1964. 

Butterworth RF, Lavoie J, Peterson C, Cotman CW, Szerb J Excitatory amino acids and hepatic encephalopathy in Pomier Larargue G, Butterworth RF (eds) Hepatic Encephalopathy Pathophysiology and Treatment. Clifton, Humana Press, 1989, pp 417-433. 

Cirrhosis results in elevation of portal blood pressure because of fibrotic changes within the hepatic sinusoids, changes in the levels of vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor mediators, and an increase in blood flow to the splanchnic vasculature. The pathophysiologic abnormalities that cause it result in the commonly encountered problems of ascites, portal hypertension and esophageal varices, HE, and coagulation disorders. 

Toxicity. Atractyloside, a diterpenoid glycoside that occurs naturally in plants, may be present at levels as high as 600 mg/kg of dried plant material. Gonsumption of plants containing atractyloside or carboxyatractyl-oside has caused fatal renal proximal tubule necrosis and/or centrilobular hepatic necrosis in man and farm animals. Although pure atractyloside and crude plant extracts disrupt carbohydrate homeostasis and induce similar pathophysiological lesions in the kidney and liver, it is also possible that the toxicity of atractyloside may be confounded by the presence of other natural constituents in plants. Atractyloside competitively inhibits the adenine nucleoside... 

Analysis of BAs in urine, serum, bile and stool is crucial for the diagnosis of inborn errors of BA metabolism. It is also helpful for understanding their pathophysiological role in acquired hepatic diseases and for monitoring the effects of therapy on metabolism. Several different inborn defects affecting BA synthetic pathway, have been described over last 20 years [7]. 

Pawlotsky, J. M., 2004, Pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Trends Microbiol 12, 96-102. 

In addition, patients with this allele had neuropsychiatric events sooner than patients without it. In another study in 14 patients with chronic hepatitis C, lower baseline serum activities of propylendopeptidase and dipeptyl peptidase IV, which both play a role in the pathophysiology of major depression, were possible predictors of higher depressive and anxiety scores during interferon alfa treatment (378). Whether these factors help to predict susceptibility to interferon alfa-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in clinical practice needs to be further investigated. 

Infection, gastrointestinal bleeding or injudicious use of sedatives and diuretics can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. The pathophysiology is complex but ammonia appears to hold a central role. Derived mainly from the action of colonic urease-containing bacteria, ammonia is... 

H., Shorey, J., Combes, B. Viral hepatitis complicating the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Gastroenterolcw 1972 63 331-339 Wolkoff, A.W., Wolpert, E., Pascasio, F.N., Arias, I.M. Rotor s syndrome. A distinct inheritable pathophysiologic entity. Amer. J. Med. 1976 60 173-179... 

Ferenci, P., Piispok, A., Steindi, P Current concepts in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Eur. X Clin. Invest. 1992 22 573-581... 

---